Now most effective chemotherapeutic agents in treatment of breast cancer (MCF-7) have several/major drawbacks such as cumulative toxicities of nephrotoxicity and ototoxicity or treatment induced resistance. This has provided the motivation for developing novel metal complexes as anti-breast-cancer. In recent years, significant attention has been devoted in this direction. Cr (III), Mn (II), Ni (II), Cu (II), Zn (II) and Ca (II), complexes of (E) -2-((1-(5-acetyl-2,4-dihydroxyphenyl) ethylidene) amino) benzoic acid were prepared and characterized by elemental analyses, IR, UV-Vis spectra, Magnetic moments, Conductivity, 1H-NMR, Electron microscope and Mass spectra, Thermal analyses (DTA and TGA) and ESR measurements. The analytical and IR data showed that, the ligand behaves as neutral or monobasic trior pentadentade. Molar conductivity in DMF indicate that, the complexes are non-electrolytes. Electron microscopic Data showed, the complexes are found in nano-form, ESR spectra of solid Cu (II) complexes at room temperature show axial type (dx2-y2) with covalent bond character in an octahedral environment. However, Mn (II) complex showed isotropic type. Complexes showed inhibitory activity against breast cancer (MCF-7 cell line) compared with standard drug. Ca (II) complex 8 demonstrated high potency inhibition activity against MCF-7 cell line with IC50 76 no toxic effect was observed (invivo studies).

Given the enormous contributions of female domestics to socio-economic development of the people and modern societies, this study specifically reviewed the plight of female domestics cum their inherent potentials in developing home grown traditional medicine for mitigating diseases, including COVID-19 that dealt a big dent on the already fragile status of the nation’s economy. It did this by finding out (i) Whether female domestics face hazardous situations in their engagement and the effect on their families (ii) What knowledge of indigenous/traditional medicine they have in treating infectious diseases that could match that of orthodox. (iii) Congruent science of indigenous medicine they possess in treating COVID through their experience. (iv) The difference in the use of indigenous and orthodox medicine for the treatment of Corona Virus among the domestics. Answers to these questions were justified through a robust literature review, a qualitative method of in-depth-interview among thirty participants of five female domestics each from the Six South Western States of Nigeria (Lagos, Ogun, Osun, Ondo, Oyo and Ekiti). Also, five medical doctors and pharmacists each from Federal Medical Centres and the University College Hospital, Ibadan were interviewed through the key information process. Findings revealed that the states and people are endowed with herbs, knowledge of the use, about sixty to seventy percent of the nation’s population are exposed to traditional medicine in the treatment of diseases and especially the recent COVID including the domestics. Also, there could be a global congruent science in treating infectious diseases in Nigeria if adequate efforts and collaborations are stemmed up among traditionalists and orthodox practitioners in the usage of roots, herbs, barks, plants and fruits for treating diseases, ailments and COVID. It is therefore, recommended among others; that both traditionalists and orthodox practitioners, irrespective of sex, religion and education should be encouraged to come to the fore and demonstrate their knowledge and that there should be a re-think on the status of domestics such that formalization of the job should include all welfare packages of the formal sector job.

Background: Giant Lumbar Disc Herniation (GLDH) is a rare condition. Its treatment could be surgical or non-surgical. We describe in this study the surgical management of patients with GLDH in Sylvanus Olympio teaching hospital of Lomé (Togo). Patients and Methods: We conducted a retrospective and descriptive study between September 2017 and October 2020. We included in the study adult patients presented with radicular pain symptoms or cauda equina syndrome, with lumbar disc herniation in the canal superior to 50% of the sagittal diameter of the lumbar spine. Results: Thirteen patients were operated on from a GLDH. This patient population was composed of 9 men (69.2%) and four women (30.8%). The mean age of the patient population was 43.23±6.723 years (range 33-55). The anatomical location of a herniated disc was centrally in 8 patients (61.5%). The level of the GLDH was between L4-L5 in 69.2 % cases (n = 9) and L5-S1 in 30.8% (n = 4). There was no complication during surgery. Evolution was graded as excellent in 76.9 % cases (n = 10) and good in 23.1% (n = 3). Conclusion: GLDH is a distinct entity compared with smaller herniations. Patients can develop cauda equina syndrome. Surgery has good results in our conditions.

Homocysteine, sulfhydryl group containing amino acid, is intermediate product during metabolism of the amino acids methionine and cysteine. Homocysteine is nonprotein amino acid which behaves as both a substrate and product of methionine. Homocysteine has key role in methylation cycle, within which a methyl group is transferred to a different substrate Formed homocysteine can be utilized in two ways: 1) homocysteine can be remethylated to methionine by catalytic activity of the enzyme N5, N10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase; 2) homocysteine can be converted to cysteine in a reaction that is catalyzed by Cystathionine β-Synthase (CBS). In this article, we tend to describe the pathophysiology of homocysteine in causing acute myocardial infarction.

Background: Breast milk helps keep your baby healthy and supplies all the necessary nutrients in the proper proportions. It protects against allergies, sickness, obesity and many other diseases like diabetes cancer etc. Present study was carried out to evaluate the knowledge towards breast feeding among postnatal mothers of rural areas of District Sirmaur. Methodology: This cross sectional study was conducted between March 2021- August 2021 among postnatal mothers came in Pediatric OPD in civil hospital Dadahu selected by convenience sampling technique. Data was collected through face-to-face interview using a semi-structured questionnaire. Data was analyzed using epi info v7 software using appropriate statistical tests. Results: A total of 400 Post Natal Mothers Postnatal Mothers came to Pediatric OPD and having children aged less than one year were selected after explaining the purpose of the study. Among the total mothers, maximum 210 (52.5%) were having age between 26-30 years, educated up to Matric and Senior Secondary 158 (39.5%), Hindu 323(80.75%), housewife 372 (93%), Multigravida 276 (69%) and delivered in government hospitals 272 (68%). In the present study 12.5% (50) postnatal mothers had very good knowledge (16-20 marks) towards breast feeding, 67.5% (270) having good knowledge (12-15 marks), 17.5% (70) having fair knowledge (8-11 marks) and 2.5% (10) having poor knowledge (<8 marks). Conclusion: Every Postnatal Mother should be counseled and provided proper education regarding breastfeeding during their antenatal period and all the misconceptions regarding breast feeding should be appropriately addressed.

Background: The Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) are a diverse group of disorders characterized by a varying combination of inflammation and fibrosis of the pulmonary parenchyma. The present study was done to evaluate the Biochemical and Radiographic findings of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla from July 2018 to June 2019. All consecutive patients of all types of ILDs, attending the outpatient services of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, IGMC Shimla were enrolment and subjected to focused socio-demographic, Biochemical and Radiographic findings history. Data was analyzed using Epi info V7 software by applying appropriate statistical tests. Results: The present study includes 50 patients of different types of ILD. Among these, 27 (54%) were female and 23 (46%) were male. The mean age of the study population was 57.821+5.03years. The mean duration of symptoms of ILD was 3.034+2.62 years. The mean value of (HB) among study population was 15.24+2.19g%. Out of 50 patients, the mean ABG (sO2) and ABG (paO2) were 82.50+10.76 mmHg and 55.77+10.30mmHg respectively. Eighteen (36%) patients (sO2) >88% and thirty-two (64%) had (sO2) <88%. Among 50 patients 23 (46%) had (paO2) >55mmHg and 27 (64%) had (paO2) <55mmHg. 32 (62%) had Reticular Shadow X-Ray Chest, 27(54%) had Reduced lung volume and 14 (28%) had Right pulmonary artery prominence (dilatation). There was no significant male-female difference with most of Biochemical and Radiographic findings. Conclusion: Most of ILD patients had non anemic, sO2 <88% and paO2 <55mmHg. They had Reticular shadow, reduced lung volume and Right pulmonary artery prominence (dilatation) in X-Ray Chest.

Cooperative societies are noted for addressing members’ social and economic needs, but they are yet to channel their resources towards meeting members’ health care needs. This study investigated the role of cooperative societies in accessing health care services for poor urban members in Ibadan metropolis, Oyo State, Nigeria. Triangulation method using descriptive cross-sectional survey and Key Informants Interviews were used to collect data among 480 members of cooperative societies in Ibadan metropolis. Qualitative data were analysed using a thematic approach. Result reveals that members of cooperatives are all interested and are looking forward to when health care scheme will be introduced to the activities of cooperative society. It was concluded that cooperative societies can be utilised to enhance health condition of co-operators if community social workers embark on an informed enlightenment programms that sensitise co-operators to the benefit of incorporating members’ health into their activities and also to assist them in organising the societies in a way that they could benefit from the scheme.

Introduction: The suspension of classes in all schools and universities was one of the main measures decided by the Moroccan government to escape the advance of the Covid-19 pandemic imposing the use of distance learning. The aim of this study is to assess the experience of medical students with e-learning. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional study, based on a questionnaire composed of 49 questions sent to all students of the Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy of Tangier via social networks. The data collected from the questionnaire were analysed with SPSS version 21. Results: A total of 303 students responded to the questionnaire, 75.2% of them rated the e-learning experience as good to excellent and 24.2% rated it as average and more than 46.5% of the participants consider that distance learning can be considered as equivalent to face-to-face learning. The majority of participants were satisfied with the level of teacher proficiency in the teaching methods used by the faculty, except for the Facebook communication method which was mastered by only a minority of teachers. Statistical analysis also revealed a statistically significant association between students' perceived overall satisfaction and the following factors: quality of course materials, attractiveness of the course format and satisfaction with the four learning methods addressed by the FMPT. Conclusion: The experience of distance learning should motivate and challenge us to improve our technological skills in order to adopt a modern and practical pedagogical approach that works with technological and computer advances to ensure a better level of learning.

Background: Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) are a heterogeneous group of acute and chronic disorders of the lower respiratory tract that mainly affect the lung parenchyma. The present study was done to evaluate the High-resolution computed tomography (HRCT) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings of Interstitial Lung Diseases (ILDs) patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla from July 2018 to June 2019. All consecutive patients of all types of ILDs, attending the outpatient services of the Department of Pulmonary Medicine, IGMC Shimla were enrolment and subjected to focused socio-demographic and High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) history. Data was analyzed using Epi info V7 software by applying appropriate statistical tests. Results: The present study includes 50 patients of different types of ILD. Among these, 27 (54%) were female and 23 (46%) were male. The mean age of the study population was 57.821+5.03years. The mean duration of symptoms of ILD was 3.034+2.62 years. Among all 50 patients, 26 (52%) had Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP), 13 (26%) had Nonspecific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP) pattern, 1 (2%) had Combined Pulmonary Fibrosis and Emphysema (CPFE) and 9 (18%) had Sarcoidosis on High Resolution Computer Tomography (HRCT). Out of 50 patients, 24 (54%) patients had "p"- pulmonale, 23 (46%) had Right axis deviation and 23 (46%) had Right ventricular hypertrophy. No male female disparity in High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) and Electrocardiogram (ECG) findings was seen. Conclusion: Usual Interstitial Pneumonia (UIP) was most common finding on High Resolution Computer Tomography (HRCT) while "p"- pulmonale was most common in Electrocardiogram (ECG).