Abstract: This study aims to describe regional boundary conflicts for six villages in North Maluku, Indonesia. In relation to problems with the issuance of the law regarding the Expansion of North Halmahera Regency, namely Law Number 1, 2003. The main focus of this research is first, the power relations between the regional center as an institution. As an institution, this power relation is through bureaucratic models. The central government as a representative of the state that has the authority to issue laws. The power relation between the central government and the provincial government has two dimensions. The first dimension is that the provincial government has a position as a representative of the central government in the regions. This means that the relationship that occurs between the central government and the provincial government is a coordinating relationship. The second dimension is the position of the provincial government as the ruler of the province. This means that the relationship between the central government and the provincial government is a command or command relationship. This research was conducted in 6 (six) villages which were disputed between two community groups and the government, namely the government of West Halmahera Regency and North Halmahera Regency. The villages in question are Dum Dum, Akesahu, Akelamo Kao, Tetewang, Bobane Igo, and Pasir Putih villages. Geographically, the six villages are located along the coast of Kao Bay on Halmahera Island. 

Character education is an important thing and strategy in rebuilding national identity and mobilizing the new Indonesian of social formation. This research is all about the learning effect of citizenship education students and family atmosphere on the formation of student characters. The approach in this research has used a literature study. It indicates that forming students with character is not an easy and quick effort. It requires to be a continuous effort and deep reflection to make sequence (Moral Choices) moral decisions that must be followed up with real action so that they become practical and reflective. It takes several times to make all of those become (custom) the habit and the character of human form or person's behavior. Educational characters must be involveing various aspects, in the family and household, educational institutions, and society. This is the main step that must be taken is to reconnect the relationship and education that was almost finished between the three educational circles. Forming a characteristic and educational character will never succeed during there is no harmony and continuity among the three educational circles. Seeing this reality, forming the character of quality students need strong influences from the family, school, and society.

A religion establishes bonds between members of a community, facilitates cooperation and communicates common norms, and introduces mechanisms to ensure that good behavior is enforced. The Mizo social system is based on a tradition of trusteeship, truthfulness, and integrity. Historically, the Mizo religion is similar to other tribal ethnic religions that also practice ritual sacrifices and ceremonies. Religious beliefs and practices are tightly intertwined in their social lives. The introduction of British rule in Mizoram had a significant impact on the lives of the Mizo people. The British administration contributed positively to the Mizo people by introducing a modern approach to Mizo society and paving the way for the arrival of Christian missionaries. Meanwhile, Max Weber (1864-1920), a German sociologist and administrative thinker, believed that Protestantism precipitated social change. Therefore, this paper attempts to highlight the historical transition of Mizo Society from traditional society to modern civilized society and it will analyze the validation of Max Weber Protestantism ethics on the influence of early protestant missionaries in Mizoram.

This study aims to investigate the types of faces used by British people in some situations. The data source is the verbal speech of English people. This research uses pragmatic studies, especially politeness theory by Brown and Levinson. This study also uses a qualitative descriptive approach obtained through an English-language film with the title Nanny McPee. The data collection of this research used observation and note-taking. In this research, the researcher used the data analysis by using Brown and Levinson Framework. The results showed that participants in the film Nanny McPee dominantly used negative faces in several interactions such as interactions between strangers, local residents, family members, superiors and subordinates. Positive faces are only seen in interactions between friends. The researcher suggested that for the further research to investigate another field such as Semantics or another Movie. The researcher also suggested the implication of this research is the use of the positive and negative politeness aspects coming from the Mcpee Movie.

This research was aimed to determine intersectionality which has been discussed within academic fields such as psychology, gender analysis, human rights, political sciences, and many more include literature. In literary studies, intersectionality is discussed as a social phenomenon to show that multiple categories can overlap to create compounding experiences of discrimination in a text. The current paper works by using the structural-hermeneutics approach by Ricoeur [1] to analyze the portrayal of the intersectionality issue in Audre Lorde's poem (A Woman Speaks and Coal) and categorized as descriptive qualitative research. The results reveal that gender, racial identity, and sexuality are objectified categories that triggered intersectionality in the selected poems. The extent of intersectionality affected the society as the poems broadly conveyed both self-declaration and struggle of blacks, women, and men underneath the patriarchal society and fragile masculinity. The implication of this research suggested that the gender factors affected the society of in two different poems.

Abstract: This paper investigates and examines African cultural values in the making of Africa civilization; the case of the Banyang people of the Cross River Region of Cameroon. The forgotten Banyang cultural values such as Ekpe, Obassi-Njom and Mawo over the years have been relevant in the promotion of Banyang cultures and an imprint to Banyang civilization. However, it is observed that these cultural values are fast fading away and losing their potency, thus erasing the Banyang civilization. Therefore, a re-awakening in the functions of these Banyang values will not only put the Banyang Country into the limelight of civilized societies but will project the African civilization as a whole. The main objective for this study therefore is to situate the geography and cultural values in the Banyang Country and the image making of Banyang civilization. In the course to realise this study, both primary and secondary sources were made use of. On the whole, the study reveals that the Ekpe, Obassi-Njom and Mawo cults are the key Banyang cultural traits that imprinted the Banyang civilization.