Background: Public understanding of general anesthesia, including its purpose, risks, and potential complications, is crucial for informed decision-making and mitigating preoperative anxiety. Jogindernagar, a small town in Himachal Pradesh, offers a unique context for evaluating public knowledge due to its rural and semi-urban population with varied educational and socio-economic backgrounds. Materials & Methods: This descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted from August to October 2024, involving 400 adult residents of Jogindernagar. Data were collected using a pre-validated structured questionnaire distributed through online and offline channels. The questionnaire assessed socio-demographic details and knowledge of general anesthesia, including its purpose, administration, risks, and complications. Responses were scored and categorized as Very Good (>80%), Good (60–79%), Fair (41–59%), and Poor (<40%). Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics in Epi Info V7 software.Results: The study population consisted of 53.5% females and 46.5% males, with 65.5% residing in rural areas. Educational levels ranged from no formal education (9%) to postgraduate qualifications (14.5%), and 66% had lived in Jogindernagar for over 10 years. Awareness of general anesthesia was mixed: 74% understood its purpose, 67% knew its administration methods, and 62% recognized common side effects like nausea and vomiting. However, awareness of rare complications, such as anesthesia awareness (38%), and emergency-related risks (44%) was limited. Overall, 24.5% demonstrated very good knowledge, 34% scored good, 28% fair, and 13.5% poor.Conclusion: The findings highlight a foundational understanding of general anesthesia among Jogindernagar residents, with significant gaps in awareness of rare complications, emergency risks, and age-related considerations. Targeted educational interventions, improved preoperative counseling, and community-centered awareness campaigns are recommended to bridge these gaps, foster trust, and enhance patient-centered anesthesia practices in resource-limited settings.

Spinal anesthesia has been named as the first major regional intervention introduced in our clinical practice. Spinal anesthesia, known as subarachnoid block is a safe technique. It is very reliable, cost effective and is easy to administer. Subarachnoid block works by providing surgical anesthesia with prolonged post-operative pain relief after surgery using various local anesthetic agents alone or in combination with adjuvants such as opioids, NMDA receptor antagonist. It blunts the autonomic and somatic responses. It has a quick onset associated with an effective blockage of sensory and motor system. It was first performed in by August Bier and from then on has been practiced widely. This study was done in Bareilly, UP where disparities in healthcare resources highlight the need to find the better adjuvant for effective sensory and motor block and quality of postoperative analgesia. Materials and Methods - A simple random sampling was done with 60 adult patients from the interval of May 2022 to 30th May 2024 at Rajshree medical college, Bareilly, UP. Participants were selected through random sampling to ensure demographic diversity. Data were collected through structured interviews, covering demographics, knowledge of adjuvants, sources of information and factors affecting spinal anesthesia levels. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS version 23, null hypothesis significance testing and sample size program. Continuous variables such as age, income were expressed in terms of median, interquartile range, maximum and minimum. The outcome variables which were nominal expressed in terms of frequencies and percentages.Further Chi- square test or Fischer’s test was used.Results – The study revealed a balanced demographic distribution among participants, with equal representation of genders and a broad age interval. A comparative study with sixty patients of the age- range of 20 to 60 from ASA I & II participated in the study. Two groups, A and B, were randomly assigned to patients. The onset of sensory and motor blockage was equal in both groups. The duration of sensory and motor block were longer in clonidine plus ropivacaine group. The postoperative analgesia quality is also better in group having clonidine as adjuvant. Our research leads us to the conclusion that clonidine added to ropivacaine administered intrathecally improves sensory and motor blockage with improved hemodynamic stability, The slower regression of the block in the group receiving ropivacaine with clonidine, made it a better choice for longer duration lower limb surgery. When ropivacaine plus clonidine was used instead of ropivacaine plus fentanyl, the mean time for the initial rescue analgesia was longer, which decreased the need for analgesics in the early post-operative phase.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of Intraperitonial instillation of 0.25% Bupivacaine versus intravenous Tramadol in providing postoperative analgesia for patients undergoing Caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia.Methods: A prospective, randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 60 patients who underwent elective Caesarean sections. Participants were divided into two groups: Group A received 0.25% Bupivacaine instilled into the wound site, and Group B received intravenous Tramadol postoperatively. Pain scores, opioid consumption, and side effects were monitored and compared between the two groups over a 24-hour period.Results: Both analgesic strategies provided effective postoperative pain relief, but differences in pain scores and side effects were noted. The Bupivacaine group reported significantly lower pain scores in the immediate postoperative period compared to the Tramadol group (p < 0.05). However, Tramadol was associated with fewer instances of local adverse effects and provided a more sustained analgesic effect throughout the 24-hour period (p < 0.05).Conclusion: Intraperitonial instillation of 0.25% Bupivacaine and intravenous Tramadol are both effective for postoperative analgesia in Caesarean sections under spinal anaesthesia. Bupivacaine offers superior immediate pain relief, while Tramadol provides extended analgesia with fewer local side effects. The choice of analgesic method should be tailored to the patient’s needs and surgical context.

Introduction: hemodynamic changes during tracheal intubation it is more challenging in head injury patients . Dexmedetomidine is a selective α2 adrenoreceptor agonist used as a sedative and adjuvant with local anesthetic. We hypothesized that adding dexmedetomidine to lignocaine before intubation have positive outcome on hemodynamic changes. Aim and objective: To assess the effect of Intratracheal Dexmedetomidine with lignocaine on hemodynamic changes during intubation in head injury patient .Methodology: Sixty patients admitted in ICU with head injury and need intubation randomly divided into two groups 30 subjects in each group, namely, Group 1 and Group 2. Group 1 received dexmedetomidine 0.5 ml with 4% lignocaine 0.5 ml whereas Group 2 receive normal saline before endotracheal intubation, respectively. The outcomes were the incidence hemodynamic fluctuations during intubation and after intubation .Results: The incidence and severity of hemodynamic fluctuation in Group 1 than in the group 2, during intubation and post intubation is significantly lower . Moreover, compared with Group 2, Group 1 exhibited more stable haemodynamics during intubation as well as post intubation .Conclusion: The combined use of dexmedetomidine and lignocaine intratracheally before intubation significantly reduced the incidence and severity of haemodynamic fluctuations during and after intubation.

Regional anesthetic technique especially upper extremity surgery with using clonidine, opioids, tramadol, corticosteroid for prolongation of anesthesia and analgesia. When administered as adjunct to Clonidine with Dexamethasone adjuvant to Bupivacaine and Lignocain with adrenaline observed early onset and prolong duration of analgesia in interscalene brachial plexus block. Aim and objective is to compare the effect of addition of dexamethasone and clonidine to local anesthetic drug in (0.5% Bupivacaine+ 2% lignocaine with adrenaline) in peripheral nerve stimulator guided Interscalene brachial plexus block. Methodology: 90 patients presenting for upper limb surgery were in three groups. Group D receiving Dexamethasone 8 mg.  as an adjuvant to Bupivacaine and lignocaine whereas Group C receiving Clonidine 75 mcg. as an adjuvant to bupivacaine and lignocaine and Group S as control group receiving saline as an adjuvant to bupivacaine and lignocaine with adrenaline in interscalene brachial plexus block. Results: The mean duration of motor block in group S was 5.74±0.384 hrs, whereas in group C was 8.86±0.846 hrs, and group D was 9.32±0.964 hrs on comparison showing significant difference. The mean duration of sensory block in group S was 6.86±0.38 hrs, in group C was 9.86±0.98 hrs, and group D was 10.68±0.88 hrs. with significant difference between the group. Onset of sensory and motor block was better in dexamethasone D group. Conclusions: The study conclude that dexamethasone added to bupivacaine plus lignocaine showing better efficacy in prolonging analgesia than clonidine and control group with better hemodynamic with no side effects.