The scientific name of the olive is Olea europaea L. It's a type of tree plant that comes from the olive family. an evergreen oily plant, Olive tree is one of the perennial trees and is considered a treasure due to its advantages in terms of the environment and economic growth. Its fruit is a complete food and has olive oil, both of which can be healthy. is extracted from it, which has health, nutritional, and cosmetic benefits. It was mentioned in many references, and many studies showed it [1].

It is a tree of the olive family. It has a hard, knotty trunk. Its leaves are pale green. It bears oily fruits, the colors of which vary according to their maturity and harvest periods, from green and yellow to red-violet. It is an evergreen perennial tree, and it has The capacity to deal with tough conditions in nature like drought,rocky lands, low depth, and fertility [2]. The root system is superficial and not deep; especially in irrigated crops, its depth is between 40 and70 centimeter. Young trees have a smooth, round trunk; as the trees grow, certain areas develop more rapidly than others, leading the trunk to lose its roundness. The tree's height is usually 3-6 m, although it may reach 10–12 m in some species, cultivars, and cases [3].

The head consists of a thick network of branches and twigs along with older, 2-3-year-old, thick, leathery leaves that frequently fall off in the spring. The branches that formed in the previous growing season's leaf axils were where the flowers originated in complex cluster inflorescences. Strong branches and twigs produce a dense structure that makes up the tree head. The 2-3-year-old, thick, leathery leaves frequently fall off in the spring. The branches that got over the previous growing season were the ones in which the flowers developed in complex cluster inflorescences [4]. The fruit occurs in a variety of sizes, shapes, and varieties, is small, oval-shaped, very bitter, yellowish-green or violet in color, and contains one exceptionally hard core [5]. As it may be grown offshore, the tree is able to tolerate droughts because of its strong root system in rain-fed cultivation. The tree prefers rocky slopes along the coast and a Mediterranean environment. But the quality of the olives improves with the right conditions [6-7].   

Among the most widely cultivated crops around the world are olives. The cultivated area of the olive between 1960 and 1998, it shot up from 2,600,000 to 7,950,000 hectares, surpassing an all-time high of 10 million hectares in 2008. An olive  is the fastest-growing plant in terms of cultivated area, with 9.4 million hectares planted with olive trees in 2010. The top ten according to the Food and Agriculture Organization, 95% of the world's olives are produced in the Mediterranean region [8].

Among the trees are olive trees. that prefer the Mediterranean climate, which is characterized by cold and rainy winters and warm or hot, dry summers. In general, olives tolerate temperatures from -5°C to 50°C, but the most suitable degree for olive cultivation ranges between 5°C and 35°C,Its cultivation is good in desert lands, which are extremely hot in the summer and warm enough to be cold in the winter. It tolerates severe salinities of more than 10,000 ppm [9].

The olive is a truly blessed tree, as its oil, wood, and leaves are used from it.It is excellent to eat after washing and pickling it. Olive oil is one of the most luxurious oils, and although it is an oil, it is not harmful; on the contrary, it benefits the heart. As for wood, it It's difficult has beautifu It makes beautiful wood, which can be used to make antiques and other things [10]. It is acceptable to soak leaves in water and sip the resulting liquid.l It is also possible to benefit from what is left over from the olives after being squeezed. It is called "pyrene", which is re-squeezed at high temperatures to produce al-Mitaraf oil, which is used in the production of laurel soap. And poultry farming through its own stoves [9].

A powerful technique known as gas chromatography-mass spectrometry is used for the separation, identification, and measurement of volatile and semi-volatile substances in complex mixtures. It combines the accurate mass determination and fragmentation pattern analysis of mass spectrometry (MS) with the high-resolution separation capabilities of gas chromatography (GC) [11].

This combination provides a comprehensive and reliable method for analyzing a wide range of compounds in various fields, including environmental science, forensics, food and beverage analysis, pharmaceuticals, and more [12]. Gas chromatography is a widely used technique that separates volatile compounds based on their affinity for the stationary phase and their volatility. The sample is first evaporated and introduced into a stationary phase-capped column. The different compounds travel down the column as the sample flows interact differently This leads to the separation of the stationary phase into numerous peaks. A compound's retention time, which is specific to that particular substance, is the amount of time it takes to expel the plume [13].

Sample Collection Site

Samples were collected from the period 4/2/2022 from the home garden in Afak District, Diwaniyah Governorate.

Extraction

The method of [14] was followed, whereby 20 grams of vegetable powder were weighed in a 500-ml glass beaker, and A concentration of 200 ml of ethyl alcohol at 70% was added to it. The mixture was then added and placed in the rocking incubator for 24 hours at a temperature of 28 °C. After 30 minutes, the mixture was filtered using medical gauze. c After putting in centrifuge tubes, the filter was turned at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. This was the filtrate. ollected and placed in glass dishes with a diameter of 20 cm. After that, the alcohol was dried in the oven at a temperature of 40°C until it was completely evaporated. Then put the extract powder in opaque tubes, tightly closed, and keep them in the freezer at -18 degrees until needed.

Analysis of the Sample in the Gc-Mas Device

The Shimadzu analyzer identified and evaluated the active substances. GC-MAS plus gas chromatography-mass spectrometer system made GC Clarus 500 Perki Elmer system, which consists of an automatic sampler for the compounds and a gas chromatograph linked to the mass spectrometer [15].

Identification of Components According to Gc-Mas Mass Spectrometry and the Chemical Identification Database Provided by the National Institute of Standards and Technology (Nist)

To confirm the name, structure, molecular components, and weight of the test materials, the final spectrum of the unknown component was compared to a set of known components stored in the NIST library. Al-Qadisiyah University College of Science's Chemistry Department offered this test [16].

The current study classified the resulting chemical compounds according to their quality and quantity. Using gas mass spectrometry.

The GC-MS analysis of the Olea europaea L. extract revealed a diverse range of bioactive chemical constituents. These compounds were identified based on their retention times, mass-to-charge ratios (m/z), and spectral data compared with the NIST library database. The results demonstrated both qualitative and quantitative variation among the components, with several compounds showing notable abundance. Noteworthy constituents included 1,6-Octadien-3-ol-3,7-dimethyl, Linalyl acetate, and 4-Hexen-1-ol derivatives, which accounted for the highest area percentages, suggesting their potential bioactivity. A detailed breakdown of each component is provided in Table 1, highlighting their retention time, peak area, relative abundance, and identified chemical names.

Analyze Olive Plant Leaf Extracts

The analysis of olive (Olea europaea L.) leaf extracts was conducted to identify their chemical composition and potential bioactive compounds. Advanced techniques such as GC-MS were employed to determine the presence and concentration of various phytochemicals.

Table 1: Analysis By GC-MS of the Main Bioactive Chemical Composition Distinguished in the Extract of Olea Europaea L

The results of the analysis of plant leaf extract showed an understudied richness in chemicals and biologically active plant compounds, which gives the plant Great medical importance and makes it of great medical use.

Recommendations

Examine other plants by examining GC-MS analysis and detection. The chemical compounds that distinguish them for use in all medical fields and not just in research.

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2. Espadas-Aldana, G. et al. "Analysis and trends for life cycle assessment of olive oil production." Sustainable Production and Consumption, vol. 19, 2019, pp. 216–230.

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