Currently, dietary health natural supplements have increasingly used in the prevention and treatment of chronic disorders. Moreover, deficiencies of macro and micronutrients, (vitamins and minerals), and non-nutrients (polyphenolics) have mainly cause several illnesses, especially in children and women worldwide. World organizations have focused great efforts to address these shortcomings and improve the health of the populations. Grape must, or commonly known as grape must juice, becomes a valued ingredient with nutritional and chemical qualities already recognized. Four portuguese grapevine must (Touriga Nacional; Touriga Franca; Tinta Roriz and Vinha Velha) were analysed and results of phytochemical screening revealed that Touriga Nacional grape must contains a number of medicinally active secondary metabolites, with highest total phenolic and flavonoids contents (325.2 mg GAE/L and 218.3 mg CE/L, respectively). In contrast, Tinta Roriz exhibited the lowest values (144.4 mg GAE/L and 18.3 mg CE/L, respectively). Natural pigments were also investigated, with significantly different levels of anthocyanins in all four portuguese grapevine must: Touriga Nacional (23%), Touriga Franca (63%), Tinta Roriz (70%), and Vinha Velha (19%). Apart from the sensory attributes that grape must can impart in commercial flours, the presence of non-nutrient compounds (polyphenols) is an asset in the development of new functional foods, namely in flours for infant formulations, preteens, teens, adult and athletes.

Invasive species are distinguished by their simplicity in reproductive and ability to adapt to adverse environments. Biological invasion has been identified as the primary driver of global change, responsible for biotic interchange and, as a result, habitat homogenization. It is well recognized that invasive species have been one of the primary causes of native species loss in recent centuries, affecting the natural ecosystem of each geographic area. Furthermore, the number of invasive species is fast increasing in all countries and taxonomic groupings, thus it is critical to implement more effective measures than those that have been used, which may include their phytochemical evaluation and, biological activities for future applications in phytotherapy and pharmacy. This review intends to show the phytochemical potential of three known invasive species, commonly present in the Portuguese maritime coastal zones, specifically, Agave americana, Carpobrotus edulis and Arundo donax. This study can be extended to other similar situations involving invasive species from other countries with the goal to enhance the efficiency of potential future projections for these species, particularly on the phytotherapeutic and pharmaceutical levels. Technological and scientific comprehension of these species' chemical and biological qualities will serve improve the efficiency of the management strategies will be implemented, emphasizing a sustainable economy.

Because of its extensive potential impact on human health, the determination of oxidative stress has been the main goal of study in several studies over the last few decades. The current work is a bibliographic review of the main methods of assessing oxidative stress in humans, taking into account the adverse effects it can do to individual quality of life and public health. To situate the theme, initially was described the concept of oxidative stress and the main diseases associated with it. Afterwards was presented the principal species of free radicals responsible for the oxidation, the antioxidant agents, enzymatic and non-enzymatic, and the main bio marker of evaluation of oxidative stress. Regarding the analytical methods, it was proceeded by its grouping according with the analyte in cause. In this regard of the reactive species of oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS), are presented the principal fluorescent and chemiluminescent probes, more concretely lucigenin, dihydroethidium DHE, and MitoSox, all characterized of the measurement of the superoxide, just like the relative to the determination of hydrogen peroxide as 2', 7'- dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), boronate and Amplex Red. About the RNS, are shown the 4,5-diaminofluorescein (DAF2-DA) and the dihydroethidium fluorescent probes as a method of determination of the level of NO and peroxynitrite, respectively. For biomarkers, the current work, presents the analysis methods dedicated to the detection of F2-isoprostanes, lipid hydroperoxides and malondialdehyde (MDA) associated with lipid peroxidation. Chromatographic methods, hyphenated with chemiluminescence spectroscopy, fluorescence, and mass spectrometry (MS/MS), and electrochemical detection (ECD) is the most frequently used along with the enzymatic immunoassays (ELISA). With regard to antioxidants, diversity methodologies is most evident, although the methods overridden by liquid chromatography.