One of the many conditions affecting the upper gastrointestinal tract that is partly brought on by stomach acid is peptic ulcer disease [1]. The corrosive effects of pepsin and hydrochloric acid on the mucosa of the upper gastrointestinal tract are linked to the development of duodenal and gastric ulcers, which occur when the mucosa of these organs breaks [2]. During digestion, the hormone cholecystokinin is also released into the circulation. The pancreas and liver, respectively, secrete bile and pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine as a result of the hormone CCK. This hormone causes the stomach to contract, making the individual feel full and allowing them to regulate their hunger. However, wheat germ decreases CCK levels, hence it should be avoided [3]. The breakdown of lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates is aided by the pancreatic enzymes. Even though the stomach starts the process of breaking down proteins, the small intestine finishes it [4]. Before food is absorbed by the body, it must first be broken down by the enzymes in the small intestine [5].

One hundred patients with stomach ulcer symptoms, ranging in age from 25 to over 65, were chosen from Al Fatha General Hospital and submitted to endoscopy in order to identify the presence of gastric ulcers. Group 1 consisted of 25 participants who were in good health, with an age range of 25 to over 65. On the other hand, Group 2 included 75 subjects who had stomach ulcers and were categorized into three age groups based on age: 40-65 years, 40-45 years, and above 65 years. All individuals' peripheral blood samples were taken. The obtained samples will be put into 5 ml tubes and stored in tubes coated with EDTA in order to estimate serum amylase and plasma ammonia. NSAID use was the cause of gastric ulcers in every case.

Distribution ages of patients with gastric ulcer. After the analysis of 75 patients, about 15 (20%) were in (25-40) age group, while about 20 (27%) were in (40-65) age group and 40(53%) were in age group over 65 years as shown in Table 1.    

Table 1: Distribution Age of Patient with Gastric Ulcer

The result exposed that significant increase in Ammonia in group 3 and group 4, and significant increase in Amylase in group 4 as compared with the control group as shown in Table 2.

Table 2: Effect of Gastric Ulcer on Serum Amylase and Plasma Ammonia

In comparison to Group 1 (control group), there was a substantial rise in serum amylase in Groups 3 and 4 (ages 40 to over 65) and a significant increase in ammonia in Groups 3 and 4 (ages 40 to over 65), respectively. The noteworthy rise in group 4's serum amylase levels maybe because of the physiological impact of gastric ulcers on pancreatic disorders. This resulted from the direct impact of the gastric ulcer and its toxins on the D-cells and G-cells in the gastric mucosa, which was explained by the increased gastrin and decreased somatostatin secretion in these patients. The rise in ammonia may potentially be connected to this increase in amylase activity [6]. During digestion, the hormone cholecystokinin is also released into the circulation. The pancreas and liver, respectively, secrete bile and pancreatic enzymes into the small intestine as a result of the hormone CCK [7]. This hormone causes the stomach to contract, making the individual feel full and allowing them to regulate their hunger. The breakdown of proteins, lipids, and carbohydrates is aided by the pancreatic enzymes [8]. Even though the stomach starts the process of breaking down proteins, the small intestine finishes it. Before food is absorbed by the body, it must first be broken down by the enzymes in the small intestine. The largest portion of water is absorbed by the colon, or big intestine. As a result, it needs a lot of fiber to give its substance bulk. Food's insoluble fiber functions as a sponge to absorb liquids and facilitate food's transit through the digestive system [9]. Conversely, soluble fiber aids with the smooth expulsion of toxins by binding to them in the digestive system and softening the stool. In addition to the categorization of fibers soluble or insoluble, each person has a unique fiber makeup. Fibers indigestible to the human body, however it is readily digested by the intestinal microbiota. The blood group of an individual determines the intestinal microbiota [10]. Bloating and flatulence may result from consuming the incorrect kind of fiber.

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10. Chatila, A.T. et al. “Evaluation and management of acute pancreatitis.” World J Clin Cases, vol. 7, no. 9, 2019, pp. 1006–1020.