Key findings:

The study found that adopting a brainstorming strategy plays a significant role in achieving organizational excellence. Key findings include a positive correlation between brainstorming and organizational excellence, and that brainstorming exercises a moral influence in achieving excellence.

What is known and what is new?

The study explores the relationship between brainstorming and organizational excellence in a university setting. Known is the importance of brainstorming in generating ideas and improving organizational performance. New is the specific focus on examining the influence of brainstorming on achieving organizational excellence, providing insights into the effectiveness of this strategy in a governmental university context.

What is the implication, and what should change now?

The study highlights the need for improved patient education and awareness regarding Pre Anesthetic Check Up (PAC) to ensure better preparedness and perioperative outcomes. Healthcare providers should prioritize preoperative counseling, provide accessible educational materials, and conduct targeted campaigns to address the identified barriers, particularly in regions with challenging geographic and demographic factors.

Smart homes are becoming more and more popular because they offer the promise of improving the quality of life of homeowners. In a smart home, technologies and their respective business models are realized, which can be grouped into the following four domains: (i) service-oriented and customer-driven transitions of homes, (ii) homes with sensing and actuating capabilities in local communities, (iii) communication and infrastructure of homes in wired or wireless Internet technology, and (iv) human-shaped and human-based operation, control, and management of homes. With the increasing development of computing hardware and software, information technology, especially the advance of IoT, has greatly promoted home automation by integrating into everyday objects and improving communication between humans and different kinds of devices. This allows users to control and manage connected devices at home, which, in turn, allows them to conserve energy, save time, and live a convenient life. [1-4]

1.1. Background and Significance

The major center of smart homes will be the United States, and development, such as the AllJoyn, will be done by the open alliance of IoT. The IoT market targeting smart homes has also expanded rapidly. In addition to these, the Internet of Things (IoT) is an area the Korean government has promoted in the past as a future growth engine. [2]

Currently, a variety of smart home models are being exhibited, and major companies are pursuing convergence projects. New industries, such as start-ups, are also emerging. The popularity of smart homes will grow thanks to the advent of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and high growth from digital convergence in energy, industry, and agriculture. The increase in the number of single-person households and the aging of society will lead to the expansion of smart home and IoT businesses. Governments, businesses, and the public have higher expectations, and in order to promote the diffusion of smart homes, residential structures and interiors with a higher emphasis on design are required. [5, 6]

A smart home is a comfortable and safe living space created by combining advanced technologies to provide a solution to the digital convergence age. It is now combined with an energy-saving solution. Smart homes were traditionally built in rich individuals' houses or premium-scale apartments. However, if these houses and home appliances become mass-produced and consumed, it will become an important social task to solve numerous domestic issues in the home environment. [7]

Understanding smart home technologies and how they can be connected to the internet and managed by the Internet of Things (IoT) for controlling appliances is significant. Going deeper to understand smart home advancements eases the process of switching to using a smart home instead of a traditional home. [8, 9]

1.2. Research Aim and Objectives

Since the main objective has been set, a set of specific tasks will now be compiled. These tasks will help us achieve a global goal, to collect, analyze, and summarize the ideas presented in the scientific literature. Using this information, we will be able to design and develop our own comprehensive system of a smart home, designed to save homeowners both time and energy. [10-12]

- Analyze the control and management systems available in smart homes from the point of advancement and improvement of the management quality. - Describe the design principles and management algorithms in existing smart home control systems. - Draw up a comparative table of the presented smart home systems and summarize the analysis to make a recommendation. - Discuss the development of an automated system for managing smart homes and providing energy savings. Based on the results of the survey, we can proceed to the design of a control system, using the best elements of technology for the implementation of our own smart home control system. [13, 14]

There are a number of smart home systems and ideas available today with complex implementations, and there is an active development of IoT home systems. Such a variety of implemented approaches and directions hinders the process of choosing home management systems and increases the owners' dependence on certain technique developers. The main aim of the review is to help homeowners solve their problems and make it easier for them to choose a home control system suitable for their needs. Based on this general aim, more specific objectives can be formulated: [6]

Later, a more advanced and secure environment has to be considered, such as an advertisement environment where software can be added to the system, intruder notification and control, communication facilities, and a sustainable environment focused on the maintenance and reduction of pollution in the home. However, today in a market where we have many appliances with communication interfaces (such as TV, appliances for entertainment, lighting, household safety, sensor network, Smart/Watch TV, Smart/Watch Phone and many other DECT/CAT-iq-based products), the system requirements for a smart home can be limited to a solution that provides data communication, remote control, and management and programming of a home environment. This statement is derived from the need for long-distance remote control of the homes, both from inside and outside the home, that users need to support a lonely parent or look at a small child or to use cloud services for media storage with a plan, such as the home gateway's storage manager. [15, 16]

Here, we begin by providing an overview of the smart home requirements for IoT. As we popularly experience today, the basic needs of services that can be enabled with the technology related to smart homes are all related to the concept of "how can we improve the lifestyle of inhabitants in a smart home environment" However, in the concept of a smart home, we must design the system based on some commercial objectives, such as energy conservation to increase the profitability of the business. For example, the main basic requirements to support a smart home are critical services based on energy consumption, such as a data monitoring and automated control system to optimize the usage of water and electricity. [17, 18]

2.1. Definition and Components of Smart Home Systems

With the extensive growth in communication capabilities for IoT devices and internet connectivity, it is feasible to check the status of smart home devices and databases from anywhere at any time. It is also possible to receive an alert message if something that looks abnormal happens. These factors support and greatly enhance the motivation of realizing a smart home system. Nevertheless, achieving the ultimate objective of providing a good and efficient smart home system requires the use of controlled algorithms to manage integrated smart devices in the smart home environment in terms of data transmission, energy generation, telecommunication services, control system design, control policies, algorithm development, and algorithm implementation. When using forms of information and communication technology (ICT) in practice, the benefits and associated features of a smart home system can only be fully exploited whenever the user interacts with a smart home system in a proper and convenient manner. [19-20]

Recent studies reveal a large increase in the development and usage of smart homes, which are also known as HANs (Home Area Networks), and are considered to be essential Internet of Things (IoT) application domains. The growth in this sector is driven mainly by a rise in the usage of sensors as well as internet connectivity, which provide feedback communication capabilities that can be used in monitoring and controlling various home devices such as boilers, ovens, heating and cooling systems, lights, TVs, PCs, entertainment devices, air conditioning, fire detection, surveillance, and access control systems and other home appliances. The motivation is to improve the quality of living for individuals in the home environment. Using an advanced smart home system, a user can control and monitor the devices that are connected to the network within the home environment through a variety of devices such as personal computers (PCs), smartphones, tablets, and other devices from remote locations. [13, 21, 22]

2.2. Key Technologies in Smart Home Implementation

The choice of communication method to use in a smart home setting always revolves around cost, network range, bandwidth, reliability, security, privacy, and complexity of the implementation. With the current focus on the implementation of the Internet of Things, the data size being generated from smart home sensors is extremely small in nature and requires the use of low bandwidth and low power consumption, which can easily be handled by wireless communication techniques such as Zigbee, Bluetooth Low Energy, and Wi-Fi. Apart from the use of short-range wireless techniques as a communication medium in the smart home, solutions such as 6LoWPAN connect the smart home to external IP networks either through a gateway or directly. Other solutions also aim at linking the smart home with social media, which enhances the communication between the smart home application layers. [3, 23]

The realization of a successful smart home system is highly dependent on several emerging technologies, standards, and protocols, as well as effective use of the next generation of communication techniques. Several key technologies enhance the realization of smart home technology in order to optimize the quality of life of a smart home dweller. Some of these technologies include Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and Object Naming Service (ONS) for tracking user activity in a smart home, Bluetooth Low Energy, Wi-Fi, ZigBee, 6LoWPAN (IPv6 over Low Power Wireless Personal Area Networks), Near Field Communication (NFC), IRUWB tags, Z-Wave, RF4CE, IEEE 11073 personal health data standard support, DLNA (Digital Living Network Alliance) technology, AmI, cloud for storage and computing in the smart home, Gesture control, P2P instant messaging, remote control, and surveillance software for robust Group Messaging Service, key management, and access control. [24, 25]

The demand for smart homes increased along with the increasing aging population and the emerging concept of the smart grid. The aging population problem is serious in developed countries. Elderly people generally live alone and sometimes require assistance to accomplish certain activities. Smart home technology combined with IoT can offer a good solution in this situation, helping older people when carrying out activities, providing healthcare, and ensuring safety. Particularly, elderly people who have undergone certain medical treatments or have some health issues might need to be monitored remotely in real-time, which would add further territorial challenges. Smart homes can provide family caregivers, who lack certain professional competences, with assistance in the management of complex, difficult, and time-consuming treatments necessary for certain healthcare users. [1, 26]

In the case of a smart home, IoT technologies can be applied in significantly many domains: security, energy, assisting daily life, healthcare, and indoor location-based services (LBS). These IoT devices can take charge in the fields and utilize technology for the registration of users' living patterns or interactions with other intelligent devices, to which we can realize interactions based home service. For those purposes, IoT applied smart home has been proposed as a solution and unit technology. [27, 28]

Internet of Things (IoT) is a technology that interconnects various devices, especially daily life devices, using the internet. Such devices include not only general ICT devices like smartphones and computers, but also household appliances like kitchen equipment, bathroom devices, and electronics for housing systems. Furthermore, those components can interact with each other through the networks continuously without requiring the user's command, which makes various functions possible. [29, 30] 

3.1. Concept and Architecture of IoT

The Internet of Things (IoT) is not only the technology of the future but it is already part of it. Baby steps are now being taken in the homes of many families who are already making this a thing of the past, such as turning on the light or the coffee maker. The emergence of appliances that can be controlled over the internet has revolutionized the area of smart homes. These appliances have been called IoT devices, or simply IoT. With the birth of the Internet of Things, the home can be improved to offer more comfort and security to its residents. However, this comfort comes at a cost, which is the complexity of caring for the home network. The number of connected devices is growing and these devices with reduced security are becoming targets for senders of spam, malware, and botnet. The objective of this work is to present a review of the main research on the management of smart homes through the use of the Internet of Things. [10, 31]

The term Internet of Things (IoT) is known as a concept highlighting an extremely simple and scalable way for the internet to be connected to the whole world surrounding us including environment, food, and basically every human-related object. Whenever humans are merged with IoT, the proposed network could develop a combination of smart individuals – way smarter than either its individual elements only passively connected to each other via the internet. After the incorporation of each technological development including Cloud Computing, One Hundred Percent Connectivity, and Sensing and Actuating, a collection of various devices became able to keep their own identity within each different place and moving. Of all these devices, sensors and actuators stand as main constituents that deal with inter-relations of the surrounding elements along with the connected devices. These devices are interconnected by the use of internet standard mechanisms by which they could communicate. [20, 32]

3.2. IoT Devices and Protocols in Smart Home Systems

To make the cost of the smart home system feasible, the practical accomplishment is that most energy harvesting tools cannot produce enough energy to power the Internet-of-Things (IoT) system. Solar panel systems cannot correct the battery system's failure since the sun is not shining all the time, except for the solar system. The use of large batteries, however, has disadvantages such as size, weight, price, and environmental protection. In order to overcome the disadvantages of conventional battery substituting technology, are becoming a very significant part of our day-to-day connected gadgets. The devices that incorporate the IoT technique do not face restrictions on batteries. Using environmental resources such as light, vibration, temperature, body heat, mechanical, chemical, sonic, and RF energy, IoT devices are able to create their energy. This article argues many non-research works, talks about the substance of energy generation in the everyday IoT system, and addresses numerous significant issues concluding the non-research studies. [33, 34]

For smart home solutions, a wide range of IoT devices are available such as smoke alarms, thermostats, smart fans, smart lights, regulators, security cameras, timers, microwaves, kitchen robots, dishes, cabinets, smart refrigerators, smart locks, doorbells, books, sensors, actuators, humidity probes, smart irrigation systems, animal feeders, weights, thermometers, wearable devices, pulse meters, yoga meters, posture control devices, UV measuring devices, window openers, automated cleaning bots, sprinklers, and so forth. The IoT gateway that establishes the internet connection can be any Linux controller, personal computer (PC), Raspberry Pi, or any microcontroller, and cloud-based systems are becoming popular as IoT hubs. To design energy-efficient devices, energy harvesting technologies such as photovoltaic cells, thermoelectric generators, piezoelectric devices, and microbial fuel cells are used, and building a smart home is not just about comfort, but also about saving energy, monitoring and controlling materials and systems. [6, 25]

In the remainder of this section, we will discuss the challenges of smart home management. Section 5 will review management systems. Device configurations are often unique in smart homes and may be viewed as fragile. Battery condition, and in the case of autonomous non-rechargeable batteries, their expected lifespan, are real concerns. Mobile deterioration over time needs to be discovered by monitoring. There is a wide range of device failures. Most of these are complete rather than random, and some are recoverable using strategies such as soft reboots. Limitations of communication capability may present themselves in very hungry systems at times of high overall network load. Ensuring that the user is satisfied is made more complex by the heterogeneous capabilities of different devices, and, therefore, higher levels of service redundancy and security than those in non-IoT customer service. Renters, relatives, first responders, and virtual assistants are common examples. [35, 36]

The broad definition of managing a smart home would include ensuring that various appliances and devices (including sensors) in a home are functioning correctly and their data are being properly used to enrich the lives of the home inhabitants or make the whole home structure more efficient. It also would include managing the adequacy and security of the IoT-based infrastructure, controls of energy usage, backup emergency power sources, and even managing and responding to environmental hazards or promoting healthy lifestyles. Challenges flow from the diversity and numbers of devices and the heterogeneity of functions, and strengths of connectivity and the subtleties of translating between different types of data. Local choices for the level of the devices, network, and central system capabilities will also have a significant effect on management flexibility. [37, 38]

4.1. Security and Privacy Concerns

We need to understand how different housing conditions impact access to and use of IoT devices and respective security and privacy concerns in order to assess these challenges appropriately. This implies technology developers working in partnership with housing associations and social care services in the planning and execution of appropriate and inclusive IoT use. In this way, we demonstrate the importance for researchers to lead empirically informed interventions made with the most vulnerable and marginalized individuals, to identify real needs and concerns about the underlying enabling technologies truly designed to serve these individuals. [6, 39]

There are key practical and ethical concerns that should be addressed when collaborating with vulnerable individuals, especially in the field of digital technology use and enabling access to new technologies such as IoT systems. It is important to determine the access needed, in terms of devices and services, and to co-construct a set of standards for safe and secure uses of IoT and other smart home technologies. It is also essential to adopt a holistic and individually-tailored approach to achieve empowering relations between vulnerable individuals and social care services. This approach focuses on understanding individual and situational contexts of vulnerability and disempowerment, as well as their housing conditions, such as any rental agreements, properties, and their neighbors. [40, 41]

4.2. Interoperability Issues

At the network-level, it is important to note the role of architectures guiding the integration of devices and systems since they present an evolution from the traditional SOA. Home Gateway Initiative, Lenovo, and the collaboration of main alliance-ship with relevant industry bodies to align the Smart Home market needs. Within the defined architecture and standard for smart home communication, one can find the following: AllJoyn, a framework for Internet of Things providing message transport in a secure way, IPv4/IPv6 and JAVA/Ruby/Python bindings; Universal Plug and Play, a framework for the discovery and waiting capabilities of devices and services in a network; OSGi, an architecture for remotely deploying, managing the life cycle and provisioning network-based services; and so forth. Also, standard REST and MQTT interaction models in order to exchange and query data with IoT. [42, 43]

Interoperability can be seen as one of the major challenges in the smart home, given that smart homes evolve into complex systems where diverse devices belonging to various manufacturers and technologies (and hence, protocols) live together. Many standards and APIs have been proposed in the literature to tackle this problem, and all have their purpose of achieving the highest possible system interoperability. The main standards and APIs for the KH ephemeral cloud can be classified into three levels: network-level, data-level, and application-level standards. [44, 45]

Finally, collaboration between academia, industry, standard organizations, and regulatory authorities to develop effective compatible solutions for connecting a diverse set of applications and services to low-end or high-end computing platforms across a variety of communication technologies should also be essential. Consequently, the realization of the Internet of Things can lead to the accurate control of the status of the thing or to the decision-making automation of a self-learning network. With the idea of an API available to the network, it essentially achieves the convenience of managing various home scenarios and the level of intelligence of the building.

Third, continue to develop the capabilities of collecting, processing, and transferring high fidelity, real-time information to allow data context-awareness to become another research focus.

Second, to ensure the privacy and security of users, standardization and regulatory authorities should take steps to encourage IoT-compatible security. Use certification bodies and national quality infrastructures to monitor and verify the reliability of IoT certifications and labels. At the same time, measures should also be taken to ensure both the trustworthiness and accountability of IoT.

First, find some ways to improve the energy efficiency of connected devices: in terms of long battery life, high energy harvesting efficiency, low per-bit energy dissipation, etc.

To cope with the explosive growth and demands of IoT devices, some challenges still need to be addressed, including: energy efficiency, user security, trustworthiness, data privacy protection, data context-awareness, the interconnection use of heterogeneous computing platforms, etc. Future research should continue to be done toward the development of economically viable solutions suitable for the requirements of IoT.

Funding: No funding sources.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Northern Technical University.

1. Ghorayeb, Abir, Rob Comber, and Rachael Gooberman-Hill. "Older adults' perspectives of smart home technology: Are we developing the technology that older people want?." International journal of human-computer studies 147 (2021): 102571. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2020.102571 

2. Sovacool, Benjamin K., and Dylan D. Furszyfer Del Rio. "Smart home technologies in Europe: A critical review of concepts, benefits, risks and policies." Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 120 (2020): 109663. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2019.109663 

3. Yar, Hikmat, et al. "Towards smart home automation using IoT-enabled edge-computing paradigm." Sensors 21.14 (2021): 4932. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21144932 

4. Shi, Qiongfeng, et al. "Progress of advanced devices and internet of things systems as enabling technologies for smart homes and health care." ACS Materials Au 2.4 (2022): 394-435.https://doi.org/10.1021/acsmaterialsau.2c00001 

5. Piekut, Marlena. "Housing conditions in European one-person households." Plos one 19.5 (2024): e0303295.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303295 

6. Touqeer, Haseeb, et al. "Smart home security: challenges, issues and solutions at different IoT layers." The Journal of Supercomputing 77.12 (2021): 14053-14089. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11227-021-03825-1 

7. Radwan, Ahmed Hosney, and Ahmed Abdel Ghaney Morsi. "Opportunities, Challenges and Applications of Smart Grids in Housing Projects in New Settlements in Cairo “Towards Energy Efficient Urban Areas”." Urban and Transit Planning: A Culmination of Selected Research Papers from IEREK Conferences on Urban Planning, Architecture and Green Urbanism, Italy and Netherlands (2017). Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17308-1_40

8. Choi, Wonyoung, et al. "Smart home and internet of things: A bibliometric study." Journal of Cleaner Production 301 (2021): 126908. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2021.126908 

9. Majeed, Rizwan, et al. "An intelligent, secure, and smart home automation system." Scientific Programming 2020.1 (2020): 4579291. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4579291 

10. Aheleroff, Shohin, et al. "IoT-enabled smart appliances under industry 4.0: A case study." Advanced engineering informatics 43 (2020): 101043. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aei.2020.101043 

11. Cvitić, Ivan, et al. "Ensemble machine learning approach for classification of IoT devices in smart home." International Journal of Machine Learning and Cybernetics 12.11 (2021): 3179-3202. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s13042-020-01241-0?wt_mc=Internal.Event.1.SEM.ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst&utm_source=ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst&utm_medium=email&utm_content=AA_en_06082018&ArticleAuthorOnlineFirst_20210104=&error=cookies_not_supported&code=b152f622-868d-42a7-96d2-dd0b79a8ce31 

12. Acar, Abbas, et al. "Peek-a-boo: I see your smart home activities, even encrypted!." Proceedings of the 13th ACM Conference on Security and Privacy in Wireless and Mobile Networks. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1145/3395351.3399421 

13. Kim, Hakpyeong, et al. "A systematic review of the smart energy conservation system: From smart homes to sustainable smart cities." Renewable and sustainable energy reviews 140 (2021): 110755.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2021.110755 

14. Alzoubi, Asem. "Machine learning for intelligent energy consumption in smart homes." International Journal of Computations, Information and Manufacturing (IJCIM) 2.1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.54489/ijcim.v2i1.75 

15. Yan, Wenyao, et al. "Survey on recent smart gateways for smart home: Systems, technologies, and challenges." Transactions on Emerging Telecommunications Technologies 33.6 (2022): e4067. https://doi.org/10.1002/ett.4067 

16. El-Azab, Rasha. "Smart homes: Potentials and challenges." Clean Energy 5.2 (2021): 302-315. https://doi.org/10.1093/ce/zkab010 

17. Kim, Mi Jeong, Myung Eun Cho, and Han Jong Jun. "Developing design solutions for smart homes through user-centered scenarios." Frontiers in psychology 11 (2020): 335. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00335 

18. Khanna, Abhishek, and Sanmeet Kaur. "Internet of things (IoT), applications and challenges: a comprehensive review." Wireless Personal Communications 114 (2020): 1687-1762. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11277-020-07446-4 

19. Zikria, Yousaf Bin, et al. "Next-generation internet of things (iot): Opportunities, challenges, and solutions." Sensors 21.4 (2021): 1174. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21041174 

20. Bhuiyan, Mohammad Nuruzzaman, et al. "Internet of things (IoT): A review of its enabling technologies in healthcare applications, standards protocols, security, and market opportunities." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 8.13 (2021): 10474-10498. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2021.3062630

21. Umair, Muhammad, et al. "Impact of COVID-19 on IoT adoption in healthcare, smart homes, smart buildings, smart cities, transportation and industrial IoT." Sensors 21.11 (2021): 3838. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113838 

22. Dong, Bowei, et al. "Technology evolution from self-powered sensors to AIoT enabled smart homes." Nano Energy 79 (2021): 105414. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nanoen.2020.105414 

23. Stolojescu-Crisan, Cristina, Calin Crisan, and Bogdan-Petru Butunoi. "An IoT-based smart home automation system." Sensors 21.11 (2021): 3784. https://doi.org/10.3390/s21113784 

24. Shahbazian, Reza, and Irina Trubitsyna. "Human sensing by using radio frequency signals: A survey on occupancy and activity detection." IEEE Access 11 (2023): 40878-40904. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2023.3269843 

25. Fatima, Haram, Habib Ullah Khan, and Shahzad Akbar. "Home Automation and RFID‐Based Internet of Things Security: Challenges and Issues." Security and Communication Networks 2021.1 (2021): 1723535.https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1723535 

26. Zhang, Quan, Meiyu Li, and Yijin Wu. "Smart home for elderly care: development and challenges in China." BMC geriatrics 20 (2020): 1-8. https://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12877-020-01737-y 

27. Farahsari, Pooyan Shams, et al. "A survey on indoor positioning systems for IoT-based applications." IEEE Internet of Things Journal 9.10 (2022): 7680-7699. https://doi.org/10.1109/JIOT.2022.3149048 

28. Pascale, Francesco, et al. "A low energy IoT application using beacon for indoor localization." Applied Sciences 11.11 (2021): 4902. https://doi.org/10.3390/app11114902 

29. Rehena, Z. "Internet of Things." Interoperability IoT Smart System, (2020).

30. Nižetić, Sandro, et al. "Internet of Things (IoT): Opportunities, issues and challenges towards a smart and sustainable future." Journal of cleaner production 274 (2020): 122877. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.122877 

31. Taiwo, Olutosin, and Absalom E. Ezugwu. "Internet of Things‐Based Intelligent Smart Home Control System." Security and Communication Networks 2021.1 (2021): 9928254. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9928254 

32. Ding, Jie, et al. "IoT connectivity technologies and applications: A survey." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 67646-67673. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2020.2985932 

33. Sanislav, T., Mois, G. D., Zeadally, S., & Folea, S. C. "Energy Harvesting Techniques for Internet of Things (IoT)." IEEE Access, 2021, ieee.org.

34. Elahi, Hassan, et al. "Energy harvesting towards self-powered IoT devices." Energies 13.21 (2020): 5528. https://doi.org/10.3390/en13215528 

35. Haney, Julie M., Susanne M. Furman, and Yasemin Acar. "Smart home security and privacy mitigations: Consumer perceptions, practices, and challenges." HCI for Cybersecurity, Privacy and Trust: Second International Conference, HCI-CPT 2020, Held as Part of the 22nd HCI International Conference, HCII 2020, Copenhagen, Denmark, July 19–24, 2020, Proceedings 22. Springer International Publishing, 2020. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-50309-3_26 

36. Hammi, Badis, et al. "Survey on smart homes: Vulnerabilities, risks, and countermeasures." Computers & Security 117 (2022): 102677. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cose.2022.102677 

37. Khoa, Tran Anh, et al. "Designing efficient smart home management with IoT smart lighting: a case study." Wireless communications and mobile computing 2020.1 (2020): 8896637. https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/8896637 

38. Aliero, Muhammad Saidu, et al. "Smart Home Energy Management Systems in Internet of Things networks for green cities demands and services." Environmental Technology & Innovation 22 (2021): 101443.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eti.2021.101443 

39. Van Deursen, Alexander JAM, et al. "Digital inequalities in the Internet of Things: differences in attitudes, material access, skills, and usage." Information, Communication & Society 24.2 (2021): 258-276. https://doi.org/10.1080/1369118X.2019.1646777 

40. Newman, Peter A., Adrian Guta, and Tara Black. "Ethical considerations for qualitative research methods during the COVID-19 pandemic and other emergency situations: Navigating the virtual field." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20 (2021): 16094069211047823. https://doi.org/10.1177/16094069211047823 

41. Wies, Blanche, Constantin Landers, and Marcello Ienca. "Digital mental health for young people: a scoping review of ethical promises and challenges." Frontiers in digital health 3 (2021): 697072. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.697072 

42. Kauranen, Jukka. "Choosing right wireless network for IoT devices." (2021). https://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:amk-202102132307 

43. Chinese Academy of Cyberspace Studies xiaxueping@ cac. gov. cn. "World Cybersecurity Development." World Internet Development Report 2022: Blue Book for World Internet Conference. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-981-99-5386-8_7

44. Moniruzzaman, Md, et al. "Blockchain for smart homes: Review of current trends and research challenges." Computers & Electrical Engineering 83 (2020): 106585. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compeleceng.2020.106585 

45. Phan, Linh-An, and Taehong Kim. "Breaking down the compatibility problem in smart homes: A dynamically updatable gateway platform." Sensors 20.10 (2020): 2783. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20102783