Strawberry is a perennial herbaceous plant. It is one of the fruits with small fruits widely spread in the world. The scientific name of the plant, Fragaria X ananassa Duch., is derived from the Latin word Fragrans and it is called in English Strawberry, in French Fraise and in Italian Fragola, from which it was derived in Egypt strawberry In Syria, it is called strawberry or strawberry but in Turkey it is called Chillaik, from which it was sometimes called Yashlik in Iraq [1]. Many sources indicated that the original home of the plant is North America [2] and its cultivation is spread between latitudes (28-60) north of the equator [3] The strawberry plant belongs to the order Rosales, the pink family Rosaceae, the genus fragaria and ananassa [4], strawberry fruits are characterized by their high nutritional value and good flavor because they contain many nutrients such as carbohydrates, proteins, fats, magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, potassium, copper and zinc, in addition to vitamin C [5]. The fruits are included in many food industries, such as making pastries, jams and ice cream [6]. The use of organic fertilizers is one of the important methods used to supply plants with nutrients, in addition to increasing soil fertility and improving its physical and chemical properties [7]. The use of compound fertilizer NPK as foliar nutrients to improve vegetative growth and increase production in fruit trees by spraying it on trees and within the concentrations recommended by the companies producing it is important. Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium and this is for you to grow well, increase its yield and improve the quality of its fruits [8]. Nitrogen fertilization is among the most important processes that contribute to the good growth of fruit trees and their early entry into the fruiting stage, which is one of the most important nutrients in plant life, as it is the main component of amino acids that are the building blocks of protein, as it represents about 16% of the weight of protein. It is also included in the composition of enzymes, some growth regulators, vitamins, chlorophyll, cell membranes and alkaloids. Despite this importance, its percentage ranges between 2-4% of the dry weight of plant tissues [9]. Potassium is one of the main important major mineral elements in plant nutrition, as the plant needs it in large quantities compared to other nutrients. Although potassium is not represented in any organic compound inside the plant, it remains in an ionic form in the cells and tissues. Potassium is one of the most important ions for the plant. Not only for its presence in high proportions but for its important functions, as more than 40 enzymes are activated inside the plant in vital processes such as respiration, photosynthesis and redox processes [10]. The movement of potassium inside the plant is no different from nitrogen and phosphorus, as it is one of the moving elements inside the plant and its movement is according to the need of the plant tissue. Symptoms of its deficiency appear on the aged leaves, then the new ones [11]. Phosphorus is one of the elements with a direct role in affecting most of the physiological processes that take place inside the plant. As it participates in the analysis of carbohydrates resulting from the process of photosynthesis and the liberation of energy needed for building processes, as well as its role in the formation of cell membranes [12]. However, its absence or lack of availability reduces the rate of formation of carbohydrate formation and determines the composition of amino acids and proteins [13] and enters into the synthesis of many amino acids and is the basic component of phosphatides and nucleic acids DNA, RNA, proteins and enzyme aids and phosphorus is necessary for the growth of the meristematic apex It also has a role in the transmission of genetic traits and phosphorus has a fundamental role in the formation of energy compounds [14]. Nano-fertilizer technology is a research field and one of the most promising fertilizers in improving the ability of plants to absorb nutrients that are selected either for use in the soil or on leaves and developing new tools for treating plant diseases and detecting pathogens, [15,16], nanotechnology has been used in many agricultural fields such as production, processing, storage, packaging and transportation of agricultural products [17]. Nanotechnology is one of the available strategies that have the potential to achieve sustainable precision agriculture and it is a promising opportunity in the field of sustainability and providing food security, as indicated by many recent researches and proposals, as it is through slow-release fertilizers, whose release is consistent with plant requirements, which can go to the most plant part Need By providing nano fertilizers with sensors or nanostructures designated for this purpose, it will be possible to increase the efficiency of nutrient utilization and thus increase productivity, improve quality and reduce the possibility of pollution at the same time by reducing waste [19]. The iron element, is considered one of the micro-nutrients and has a role in the growth and development of the plant, as it plays an essential and important role in the system of many enzymes that enter into the respiration process, including Catalase, Cytochrome, Oxidase and Peroxidase and the iron element is important in preserving green matter and iron plays a role It is essential in the representation of nucleic acids and chloroplasts, as it contributes to the construction of chlorophyll, although it is not included in its composition. It is involved in building cytochromes that are important in the processes of photosynthesis and respiration and it is involved in the synthesis of plant proteins [20]. Iron deficiency in the plant leads to the disappearance of chlorophyll in the leaves and the appearance of chlorosis between the veins [7].

The experiment was conducted in the plastic house of the Department of Horticulture and Landscaping of the College of Agriculture and Forestry at the University of Mosul for the season 2022-2023. Two batches with three concentrations (0, 150, 200, 250 mg/L) and three concentrations of nano-iron (0, 50, 100, 150 mg/L) and between one batch and the other three weeks, with 10 seedlings per experimental unit. The results in the month of 2023 using the randomized complete block design (R.C.B.D), the data were analyzed statistically by the statistical program (Sas) and the averages of the coefficients were compared according to Dunkin's multiple tests at the probability level of 0.05% [20].

The traits studied were as follows:

• Number of leaves: The number of leaves on each plant was calculated

• The number of flowers: According to the number of flowers of the ten plants for each experimental unit, from the beginning of flowering until its end and then the average number of total flowers per plant was calculated by dividing it by 10

• The number of fruits (fruit/plant): Record the number of fruits from the first harvest until the last harvest for the 10 selected plants for each experimental unit, then divide the result by 10 to calculate the number of fruits for each plant

• Weight of one fruit (gm): The weight of one fruit was calculated by dividing the yield of one plant by the number of fruits formed on a single plant and for all fairies

• Number of newly set fruits: The number of newly set fruits was calculated by dividing the number of fruits by the number of flowers

• The total yield of the seedling (gm): The total yield of the eight plants and all the fairies was calculated for each experimental unit, then the output was divided by 10 to extract the yield of one plant

Table 1: Effect of NPK and Nano-iron on growth and yield of strawberry Fragaria X ananassa Duch Cv. Albion

There are no significant differences between the values that share the same letter within one factor or its overlaps according to Dunkin's multiple range test at the 5% probability level

The results in Table 1 the effect of NPK and nano-iron on the growth and production of strawberry variety Albion indicate that the NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on the growth characteristics and the yield of strawberries, where the level of NPK 250 Mg/L was significantly higher in the characteristics and recorded the highest value and it was (Number of flowers, Number of fruits, Weight of fruit, number of newly knotted fruits, Total yield of the seedling).

The iron nanoparticles led to a significant superiority in the growth and yield characteristics of the strawberry fruits, as the level of FeO 150 Mg/L was significantly superior to the comparison treatment in the characteristics and was recorded as (Number of leaves,Number of flowers, Number of fruits, Weight of fruit, number of newly knotted fruits, Total yield of the seedling).

We note from Table 1 that the NPK fertilizer led to a significant superiority in the characteristics (Number of flowers, Number of fruits, Weight of fruit, number of newly knotted fruits, Total yield of the seedling). This is attributed to the role of nitrogen, which works to increase the activity of meristematic peaks by increasing auxins and increasing the readiness of basic materials needed by plants in the process of photosynthesis, such as amino and nucleic acids, chlorophyll and increasing cell division and elongation. Nitrogen also has an important role in the manufacture of chlorophyll, as plastids contain 78%. Of plant nitrogen [21] and Taiz and Zaiger [22]. Phosphorus also has a primary role in vegetative growth, as it is represented in the form of phospholipid sugars, energy compounds and nucleic acids. Phosphorus stimulates growth, encourages cell walls to grow, promotes vegetative growth, increases the percentage of dry matter in leaves and branches and strengthens the roots to absorb water and nutrients. In turn, it leads to an increase in nutrients manufactured by the process of photosynthesis and the transfer of its products to other parts of the plant, which leads to an increase in dry matter in the leaves [23]. Potassium helps the transfer of carbohydrates from their synthesis areas to other parts of the plant and helps to benefit from water by regulating the opening of stomata and improves the use of light during cold weather and thus increases the plant's ability to tolerate cold because of its effect on activating enzymes that transport carbohydrates that lose their activity in Under cold conditions, it also helps in increasing the plant's ability to resist diseases [11,24] and thus led to a significant superiority in all studied traits. The success achieved when using nano-iron is attributed to the characteristics was significantly superior to the comparison treatment in the characteristics and was recorded as (Number of leaves, Number of flowers, Number of fruits, Weight of fruit, number of newly knotted fruits, Total yield of the seedling, which are distinguished by them, which made them desirable and more used due to their small size and wide surface area, which works to increase the absorption surface and as a result, the increase in the process of photosynthesis and the abundance of production of active substances in plants [25] and iron also has an important role In the formation of protein because of its contribution to the activity of many enzymes, especially those responsible for the construction of proteins and in the construction of chlorophyll due to the ability of iron ions to gain and lose electrons, which helps the effectiveness of enzymes that are involved in oxidation and reduction processes within plant tissues, which occur within the processes of respiration and photosynthesis, where it is involved in the synthesis of all Of Porphyrin and Cytochrome, then the iron is highly concentrated in the chloroplasts of the plant and reaches 90% of their weight and this indicates the great importance of iron in photosynthesis [7], which led to good vegetative growth and good yield production.

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