Globalization and modernization have influenced changes in the moral values of Indonesian society, including the increasing rate of premarital sex. The National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) obtained data from a company that produces condoms in 2005 that 54% of teenagers in Surabaya, 47% of teenagers in Bandung, 52% of teenagers in Medan, and 51% of teenagers in Jakarta, Bogor and Depok have had premarital sex (Cruel and Sadistic Abortion, Kompasiana Online, June 26, 2012).

The number of premarital sex and pregnancies is in line with the increasing number of cases of abortion. Provocatus Criminalis, which is an abortion performed because of an unwanted pregnancy. National Population and Family Planning Agency (BKKBN) said that there are ± 2.4 million cases of abortion per year in Indonesia and has been in the top position in the world. the top position in the world. Roy Tjong, Head of the Reproductive Health Expert Committee, explained that every year there are 2.3 million cases of unsafe abortion in Indonesia, as many as 700,000 people have abortions due to unwanted pregnancies (Cruelty and The Sadistic Nature of Abortion, June 26, 2012).

Banyaknya seks pranikah dan kehamilan sejalan dengan meningkatnya kasus aborsi. Provocatus Criminalis, yaitu aborsi yang dilakukan karena kehamilan yang tidak dikehendaki. Badan Kependudukan dan Keluarga Berencana Nasional (BKKBN) menyebutkan bahwa terdapat ±2,4 juta kasus aborsi per tahun di Indonesia dan menduduki posisi teratas di dunia. menduduki posisi teratas di dunia. Roy Tjong, Ketua Komite Ahli Kesehatan Reproduksi, menjelaskan bahwa setiap tahun terdapat 2,3 juta kasus aborsi tidak aman di Indonesia, sebanyak 700.000 orang melakukan aborsi karena kehamilan yang tidak diinginkan [1].

Most abortions performed in Indonesia are unsafe. The World Health Organization [2] estimates that 20 million unsafe abortions have occurred worldwide. unsafe abortions worldwide. About 13% of the total number of maternal deaths worldwide result from complications of unsafe abortion, and 95% of these occur in developing countries, including Indonesia. of these deaths occur in developing countries, including Indonesia. Gulardi et al. [2] noted that every 2 hours Indonesian women die from pregnancy, childbirth and postpartum, including abortion cases.

Abortion has the risk of causing impacts that jeopardize the safety of the mother after the abortion. Surbakti [2] explains that the risks faced by women during abortion include sudden death due to heavy bleeding, sudden death due to failed anesthesia, and torn uterus (Uterine Perforation). Some long-term risks of Abortus Provocatus include breast cancer, Placenta Previa, Pre-Term Birth (PTB), suicide, and Maternal Mortality. Maternal Mortality (maternal death) [3].

The abortion process not only poses a high risk to a woman's physical safety, but also to her mental health. The symptoms that lead to mental damage to a woman after an abortion are called Post Abortion Syndrome (PAS). Rue [4] argues that PostAbortion Syndrome (PAS) is a disorder similar to Post Traumatic Syndrome Disorder (PTSD). Rue [4] describes several symptoms of PAS, including recalling certain past events (flashbacks), denying certain events (denial), losing memory of events, and avoiding problems. Other symptoms of PAS include helplessness, sadness or suffering, low self-esteem, difficulty trusting, regret, disrupted relationships, breakdown of communication, self-limitation, and self-punishment.

Interviews to obtain data on the psychological impact on women who first performed the act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis were conducted on September 13, 2014 on 4 women in Bekasi, September 8, 10 and 20-21, 2014 on 12 women in Jakarta, September 26-27, 2014 on 9 women in Purwokerto, and September 28-29, 2014 on 6 women in Bandung. The data obtained based on the interviews showed that they experienced feelings of guilt, felt haunted by memories of the abortion, regret, self-restriction from socializing and had poor judgment of themselves. of themselves. These effects are similar to the symptoms of Post-Abortion Syndrome (PAS). Abortion Syndrome (PAS). In addition, it is also known from the data that low self-esteem is a common psychological low self-esteem is a common psychological impact on women after abortion. abortion. This is evidenced through testimonials that reveal that they have bad judgment of themselves after committing the act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis.

Low self-esteem can lead to strong negative responses to abortion, such as the inability to cope with post-abortion stress. Cozzarelli, et al. [4] suggest that self-esteem and a secure attachment model can be important mediators to reduce women's negative responses after abortion. Major, Richards, Cooper, Lynne, Cozzarelli, and Zubek [4] also explained that women who have resilience, including having good self-esteem, emotional control and optimism, are better able to overcome the stress experienced by women after abortion. overcome the stress experienced by women after abortion.

However, low self-esteem can be minimized through forgiveness. Based on interviews conducted with women who have committed the act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis in Bekasi, Jakarta, Purwokerto and Bandung, data obtained that when premarital pregnancy occurs unplanned, abortion becomes an option that they are forced to do so that it brings feelings of guilt towards themselves. Learning to forgive their partner, themselves and past mistakes after the abortion helped them feel more confident.

Some studies reveal that forgiveness is thought to have an indirect relationship and influence on a person's self-esteem. Research conducted by Judge, Erez, Bono and Thorensen [5] showed that self-esteem has a strong relationship with neuroticism. If neuroticism increases, forgiveness decreases and if neuroticism decreases, forgiveness increases, so it can be predicted that if self-esteem increases, forgiveness increases as well. Experimental research by Al-Mabuk, Enright and Cardis [6] conducted on students from two public universities in the U.S. who experienced the problem of lack of parental affection, also proved that forgiveness is more likely to increase if self-esteem increases. parents, also proved that forgiveness reduces anxiety and depression, and increases self-esteem. increases self-esteem.

Based on the description above, it can be seen that forgiveness has an indirect relationship and influence on a person's self-esteem. Therefore, researchers want to know whether forgiveness can have a direct influence on self-esteem if the research is conducted on women after the conducted on women after committing the act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis.

Literature Review 

Definition of Self Esteem: The definition of self-esteem according to Rosenberg, which is a positive or negative assessment of the real object of himself [7].

Types of Self Esteem

According to Rosenberg, the types of self-esteem can be divided into two, namely:

• High Self-esteem: Rosenberg defines high self-esteem as an individual's feeling that he is a valuable person and respects himself as he is, but does not place himself as an admirable person or expect others to admire him [7]. others to admire them [7]

• Low Self-esteem: Rosenberg stated that low self-esteem indirectly depicts self-rejection, dissatisfaction with self, and feelings of inferiority which are reflected in the individual's unfavorable view of themselves [7]

Factors that Affect Self Esteem

Rosenberg [7] explains that there are several factors that influence a person's self-esteem, including social values, personal values, and gender.

Definition of Forgiveness

Thompson, et al. [8] define forgiveness as an attempt to situate the the perceived offense event in such a way that one's response to the the perpetrator, the event, and the consequences of the offense are changed from negative to neutral or positive. positive. The source of the offense and the object of forgiveness can be self-inflicted, interpersonal, and situations beyond one's control. and situations that are beyond human control (such as illness, fate, or natural disasters) [8].

Dimensions of Forgiveness

Thompson, et al. [8] explained that forgiveness can be conceptualized into a multidimensional construct which consists of three, namely:

• Forgiveness of Self: Self-Forgiveness is a person's tendency to forgive themselves. A person who is able to forgive himself is someone who is able to change the valence of negative responses (cognitive, emotional, behavioral) to neutral or positive after the event. offense occurs. This response can be manifested in the form of certain attitudes, namely having positive feelings towards himself, forgetting bad things about the offense that occurred, accepting and understanding himself after the offense occurred

• Forgiveness of Others: Forgiveness of Others is a person's tendency to forgive others. Someone who is able to forgive others is someone who is able to change the valence of negative responses (cognitive, emotional, behavioral) to neutral or positive towards others. response valence (cognitive, emotional, behavioral) negative to neutral or positive towards the person who is guilty of the offense that occurred. who is guilty of the offense that occurred. This response can be realized in the form of certain attitudes and behaviors, namely behaving well, understanding and thinking positively towards the person who is guilty of the violation event. positive towards the person who is guilty of the offense event that occurred, as well as forgetting the bad behavior committed by the person. forget the bad behavior committed by that person

• Forgiveness of Situations: Situational Forgiveness is a person's tendency to forgive surrounding circumstances, negative events or situations that exceed the limits of human control, such as illness or natural disasters. Someone who is able to forgive others is someone who is able to change the valence of negative responses (cognitive, emotional, behavioral) to neutral or positive towards others. change the valence of negative responses (cognitive, emotional, behavioral) to neutral or positive towards the surrounding circumstances, negative events or situations that exceed the limits of human control. The response can be realized in the form of certain attitudes, namely positive thinking, understanding, accepting and having positive feelings towards the surrounding circumstances, negative events or situations that exceed the limits of human control

Factors that Affect Forgiveness

McCullough suggests the factors that factors that influence the occurrence of forgiveness in individuals, including empathy and individual perspective, reflection, relationship closeness, commitment and satisfaction, and apology. individual, reflection, relationship closeness, commitment and satisfaction, and apology.

Definition of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis

Abortus Provocatus Criminalis is an abortion caused by an unwanted pregnancy. According to Gulardi et al. Abortion Provocatus Criminalis is an abortion without medical indication, without cause. Provocatus Criminal is an abortion without medical indications, without causes that allow before the birth period arrives. before the birth period arrives.

Alasan Tindakan Abortus Provocatus Criminalis

Abortion is a common method used by some people in order to overcome unwanted pregnancies, one of which is pregnancy outside of marriage. Reasons for abortion for women who are pregnant out of wedlock include:

• The perpetrator is still a teenager and is not ready for marriage

• Fear of the risk of ending the relationship with a partner as a result of a partner who does not want to take responsibility for the pregnancy that occurred

• Having no intention of marrying a partner

• Fear of parents and the desire to maintain a good family reputation or pressure from tradition

• For widowed women, the unwillingness to remarry or the perpetrator being in an adulterous relationship would prefer to have an abortion

The Impact of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis

Abortion carries the risk of jeopardizing the safety of the mother after the abortion. Surbakti explained that the risks faced by women when having an abortion include sudden death due to severe bleeding, sudden death due to failed anesthesia, and uterine rupture. sudden death due to severe bleeding, sudden death due to failed anesthesia, and torn uterus (Uterine Perforation). (Uterine Perforation). Some long-term risks of Abortus Provocatus include breast cancer, Placenta Previa, Pre-Term Birth (PTB), suicide, and Maternal Mortality. Maternal Mortality (maternal death) [3].

The abortion process also has an impact on a woman's mental health. Abortion causes a woman to have feelings of guilt, feelings of unresolution, and low low self-esteem [9]. Reardon and colleagues also argue that abortion can increase the risk of mental health disorders, such as substance abuse, anxiety, hostility, and hostility. chemical abuse, anxiety, hostility, low self-esteem, depression, and bipolar disorder [9].

The Relationship between Forgiveness and Self Esteem

Forgiveness can be one of the psychological variables that can indirectly relate and influence self-esteem so that it is predicted to be able to minimize low self-esteem. Research conducted by Judge, Erez, Bono and Thorensen [5] shows that self-esteem has a strong relationship with neuroticism. If neuroticism increases, forgiveness decreases and if neuroticism decreases, forgiveness increases, so it can be predicted that if self-esteem increases, forgiveness increases as well. Experimental research by Al-Mabuk, Enright and Cardis [6] which was conducted on students from two public universities in the U.S. who experienced the problem of lack of parental affection, also proved that forgiveness reduces anxiety and depression, and increases self-esteem.

This research was conducted on women after the act of Abortion Provocatus Criminalis who basically have low self-esteem due to Post-Abortion Syndrome (PAS). If forgiveness indirectly has a relationship and affects the level of a person's self-esteem, then it is expected that forgiveness will affect the level of self-esteem. on a person's level of self-esteem, it is expected that forgiveness can have a direct effect if the research is conducted on the respondents of this study.

This research uses a quantitative approach. The quantitative approach was chosen because it is considered most suitable for testing certain theories by examining the relationship between variables Creswell [10]. The statistical analysis used is inferential statistics. The independent variable of this study is forgiveness, while the dependent variable is self-esteem.

The population of this study were women who had performed Criminal Provocatus Abortus. Based on the characteristics of the respondents in accordance with the objectives of the study, the research sample taken by the researcher was a woman who had performed an act of Criminal Provocatus Abortion with predetermined criteria, namely the abortion performed by the respondent was the first abortion, was not married, the respondent had experienced some of the symptoms of Post Abortion Syndrome, and the respondent performed an act of Criminal Provocatus Abortion with a minimum period of 1 year after the action so that the researcher could see the respondent's self-esteem and forgiveness that arose after experiencing Post Abortion Syndrome.

The sampling technique used in this research is nonprobability sampling. The nonprobability sampling technique used is purposive sample or purposeful sample, which is taking a sample of respondents based on a specific purpose.

Data collection techniques were carried out using the Rosenberg Self Esteem Scale as a data collection tool for self-esteem. This scale consists of 10 statement items with four answer choices. The four answer choices are strongly disagree (STS), disagree (TS), agree (S), and strongly agree (SS). In this scale there are also favorable and unfavorable items. While the data collection tool for forgiveness, researchers use the HFS (Heartland Forgiveness Scale). The dimensions of forgiveness in this scale are proposed by Thomposon et al. [8], namely self-forgiveness, forgiveness of others, and forgiveness of situations. The scale is structured using a Likert scale with seven alternative answers. In the scale There are favorable and unfavorable statements. Item scores move from 1 to 7.

In this study, the instrument test was carried out using the test technique used on 31 research respondents. Researchers used a used trial because of limited number of research respondents. The stigma of society that considers abortion as a criminal act makes it difficult for researchers to get women who are willing to become research respondents. respondents.

The hypothesis formulated in this study is an alternative hypothesis (Ha) which states that there is an effect of forgiveness on the price of diripada in women after committing Abortus Provocatus Criminalis. To see the influence of the two variables calculations were carried out using the SPSS version 17.00 program with the following results:

• The product moment correlation coefficient between the variables of self-esteem and forgiveness shows 0.584 with a p value = 0.001. The p value is smaller than the α=0.05 value. This shows that there is a significant correlation between self-esteem and forgiveness in women after women after committing the act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis

• The constant of the self-esteem variable is 13.406 while the regression coefficient of the forgiveness variable is variable is 0.233 Based on this data, the regression equation can be arranged as follows as follows:

Y:              a + bX

Y:             13,046 + 0,233 X

Self Esteem:         13.046 + 0.233 Forgiveness

• The interpretation of the equation is that if forgiveness (X) increases by one unit, then self-esteem (Y) also increases by 0.233. In addition, from the results of the regression equation, it can be seen that there is a positive influence of forgiveness on self-esteem which is positive, meaning that if forgiveness is high then self-esteem is high. The conclusion, there is a positive influence of forgiveness on self-esteem in women after committing Abortus Provocatus Criminalis

• The regression F value obtained from the calculation of the simple linear regression test is amounting to 15.003 with the F table value (df 1; 29) is 4.18. Based on the calculation results can be obtained a p value of 0.001 and the p value is smaller than the α = 0.05 value. After knowing the value of the regression, hypothesis testing is then carried out based on the significance value criteria on the calculated F value obtained

Based on statistical calculations from the results of linear regression analysis, the value of F count is obtained 15.003> F table 4.18 and p 0.001 <0.05, so Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted. So the conclusion is that there is a significant effect of forgiveness on self-esteem in women after abortion. women after committing Abortus Provocatus Criminalis.

The results obtained from hypothesis testing using simple linear regression analysis show that there is a significant effect of forgiveness on self-esteem in women after committing Abortus Provocatus Criminalis. This is in line with the results of experimental research by Al-Mabuk, Enright and Cardis conducted on male and female students who experienced problems of lack of affection from their parents, and the results of the study showed that the experimental group significantly had low anxiety and high forgiveness, positive attitudes towards parents, hope and better self-esteem than the experimental group. positive attitude towards parents, hope and better self-esteem than the experimental group.

The resulting effect of forgiveness on self-esteem in women after committing 

Abortus Provocatus Criminalis is positive or unidirectional. This shows that the higher the forgiveness that women have after committing an act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis, the higher their self-esteem will be. Criminalis abortion, it will have an impact on their higher self-esteem, on the contrary, the lower the forgiveness that women have after committing an act of Abortion Provocatus Criminalis the lower the forgiveness that women have after committing Abortus Provocatus Criminalis will have an impact on their lower self-esteem. Theoretically, this means that the research respondents believe that the forgiveness they have has positive consequences for them. 

The forgiveness that women have after committing an act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis is felt to increase positive feelings. Criminalis is felt to be able to increase positive feelings in themselves and is effective for reducing psychological pressure due to Post Abortion Syndrome. reduce the psychological pressure due to Post Abortion Syndrome (PAS) experienced previously. These results are in line with the results of interviews conducted with women who have had Abortus Provocatus Criminalis which was conducted on September 13, 2014 on 4 women in Bekasi, and on September 13, 2014 on 4 women in Bekasi. 2014 on 4 women in Bekasi, on September 8, 10 and 20-21, 2014 on 12 women in Jakarta, on September 26-27, 2014 on 9 women in Purwokerto, and on September 28-29, 2014 on 6 women in Bandung. September 2014 to 6 women in Bandung, obtained data that when they learn to forgive their spouse, self forgive their partners, themselves and past mistakes after the abortion helped them feel more confident. them feel more confident.

Forgiveness made by women after committing an act of Abortion Provocatus Criminalis helps them to avoid negative responses that harm themselves such as hurting the perpetrator or taking revenge. Thompson, et al. [8] define forgiveness as an attempt to place the perceived offense event in such a way that one's response to the perpetrator, the event, and the consequences of the offense are changed from negative to neutral or positive. The source of the offense and the object of forgiveness can originate from the self, between people, and situations that exceed the limits of human control (such as illness, fate, destiny, etc.). (such as illness, fate, or natural disasters).

Thompson, et al. [8] also explained that the source of offense and the object of forgiveness come from oneself, others, and situations that exceed the limits of human control. Based on this, then forgiveness can be conceptualized into a multidimensional construct consisting of three, namely self-forgiveness, forgiveness of others, and forgiveness of situations.

Self-forgiveness is a person's attempt to change the negative response to themselves to neutral or positive after the offense event occurs. to be neutral or positive after the offense event that occurred. Through self-forgiveness through self-forgiveness, the respondent assesses herself positively after the act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis that he did. This assessment determines her self-esteem. The more positively she responds to herself, the higher her self-forgiveness. And the higher the self-forgiveness he does, the higher the self-esteem he has.

Forgiveness of others is a person's attempt to change a negative response to a neutral or positive one towards another person who is the perpetrator of the offense. neutral or positive towards other people who are the perpetrators of the offense event. Meanwhile, forgiveness of the situation is an effort made by a person to change the response to the situation or event of the offense that occurred from a negative response to a positive response. to the situation or violation event that occurred from a negative response to a neutral or positive response. neutral or positive response. Through forgiveness of others and forgiveness of the situation, respondents learned to perceive other people and situations not as something that threatens their existence and makes them feel afraid. her existence and make her feel afraid. She will not judge herself negatively if He will not judge himself negatively if he compares other people or situations with himself. Forgiveness of others helps him make peace with others and situational forgiveness helps him make peace with situations that occur beyond his control. with situations that occur beyond his control. Ultimately, the peace she gains helps him evaluate himself more positively. The more positively he responds to himself, the the higher his self-forgiveness. And the higher the self-forgiveness, the higher the self-esteem. the higher his self-forgiveness, the higher his self-esteem.

Based on the results of statistical hypothesis testing it can be concluded that there is a significant effect of forgiveness on self-esteem in women after committing an act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis. The resulting effect is positive or unidirectional, which means that the higher the forgiveness possessed by women after committing abortus provocatus criminalis. This means that the higher the forgiveness that women have after committing an act of Abortion Provocatus Criminalis, it will also have an impact on their self-esteem, and vice versa, the lower the forgiveness that women have after committing an abortion. Conversely, the lower the forgiveness that women have after committing Abortus Provocatus Criminalis, the higher their self-esteem. Provocatus Criminalis, it will have an impact on their lower self-esteem.

Furthermore, if implied, women who have high forgiveness will have high self-esteem as well, helping them to be psychologically strong through the Post Abortion Syndrome (PAS) period. As for women who have low forgiveness, then they will have low self-esteem as well so that they will have difficulty recovering from Post Abortion Syndrome (PAS). Post Abortion Syndrome (PAS) that they experience.

Suggestion

Based on the results of research, discussion, and conclusions, the researcher proposes some suggestions that are expected to be useful for other parties, as follows:

• For future research, it is hoped that it can further develop research on forgiveness and self-esteem in women after committing Abortus Provocatus Criminalis with a larger number of respondents so that the validity of the research will be better. the validity of the research is getting better. Furthermore, research can also be developed using mixed methods in order to obtain more in-depth data qualitatively and quantitatively so as to enrich the benefits of the research. and quantitative data so as to enrich the benefits of research. In addition, further research is also expected to be able to relate other psychological variables or be used for other respondents such as HIV/AIDS sufferers, victims of bullying, and other respondents. other respondents such as HIV/AIDS sufferers, victims of bullying, victims of sexual violence, victims of domestic violence, and victims of domestic violence. sexual violence, victims of domestic violence, and others

• For research respondents, it is hoped that they will be motivated to forgive themselves, others, and the situation that occurs after committing the act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis so that they have better self-esteem than before. Forgiveness is expected to be able to help respondents to be psychologically strong in the recovery period from Post Abortion Syndrome (PAS) experienced. Better self-esteem is expected to be able to provide a better spirit of life after going through a period of post-abortion trauma

• For psychologists, it is expected to be able to use forgiveness as a psychological variable to provide interventions to help improve self-esteem in women after the women after committing the act of Abortus Provocatus Criminalis. The interventions carried out can be in the form of psychotherapy that makes forgiveness the basis for doing so

Health professionals should not ignore the psychological consequences of abortion. for the perpetrators of abortion. So it is expected that abortion is not done freely. free. Health experts are expected to be able to provide direction for prospective abortionists that the act has negative effects not only for physical health, but also for psychological health. for psychological health

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