The term lifestyle appeared for the first time in (1931) within the propositions of the theories and individual psychology of "Adler", in which it reflected the self-image and the way in which individuals see themselves and what they believe and what they have ideas about others. The lifestyle is a complex of motives and needs, and is influenced by factors Several such as culture, family and society, as it is evident in the person’s motives, interests, values and behavior, and is affected by the socialization and cultural level of the individual, and with this, every individual starts from his childhood to develop his way of life and continues with him whatever he wrote to him to stay, which is a distinctive lifestyle for the individual and the lifestyle is the principle Which explains the uniqueness of the person and in a certain manner, and his ability to adopt new goals. Adler developed his theory based on the philosophy of "Hans Vaihinger", which states that understanding and knowing the subjective epistemological theory of the individual, which as mental concepts plays a great role in understanding and explaining the suffering of the individual. This theory or idea in explaining the development of an individual's personality, and its transition from a state of inferiority to a state of feeling safe, adaptive and self-efficacious.

"Adler" believes that man is a unique being, whether in terms of the type and nature of the family in which he lived, or in terms of the manner in which he was raised.

As the individual's feelings, beliefs, attitudes, behaviors, and personality traits express his individuality, so he called this theory he called “Individual Psychology” (Individual Psychology) and that the way of life according to "Adler" is a principle The system by which the personality of the individual is exercised

The goal of Alfred Adler's work was to create a psychological movement that defends the overall vision of one’s behavior as well as social equality. Alfred Adler believed that the social sphere was no less important than psychology and his interest in the individual's way of life.

Alfred Adler's work and life also focused heavily on family dynamics, specifically the parenting factors that pertain to the family, and the goal was to use those dynamics as a preventative means to address potential psychological problems in the future.

During the life of Alfred Adler, he followed a practical, goal-oriented approach, whereby Alfred Adler established a theory of three life tasks: cooperation, society and love, as they overlap with each other, as success in all life tasks depends on cooperation.

One of the concepts most interested in Alfred Adler is the concept of social concern, as Alfred Adler indicated that social interest must be viewed as a personal interest for the individual in promoting the welfare of others, and cooperation between individuals and societies can develop with each other in order to achieve the good of society as a whole.

Through Alfred Adler's theory of lifestyle or lifestyle, he was able to distinguish between four basic types of life styles, and Alfred Adler said that three of the four methods of the theory are wrong, and only one is correct.

The theory of life styles includes four basic types, which are the ruling method, which is the aggressive method that controls people who do not have much social interest or cultural perception, and the second way of life according to Adler is known as the method of obtaining and this method describes the passive people who take Always get used to giving.

The third type of lifestyle for Alfred Adler is the type that people avoid. This style describes people who try to escape from life's problems and participate in an activity that is not beneficial to society.

Alfred Adler's fourth and final lifestyle is the socially beneficial type, which describes people who have a great deal of interest and social activity.

In other words, the behavior of the whole person stems from his lifestyle. He perceives, learns, and maintains consistent with his lifestyle and ignores everything else. He also explained that the way of life is a depositary act of the individual and his unique interpretation of his environment, as he does not deny the laws of inheritance, but recognizes that inheritance gives the individual certain capabilities and the environment gives certain impressions, and he believes that the individual's interpretation of genetics and the environment defines a specific style in his life 

Adler explained that what determines the individual’s lifestyle are the qualitative deficiencies that a person suffers, whether they are imaginary or real. The lifestyle is a substitute for a certain deficiency. If the child is ill in the body, then his lifestyle will take the form of doing those things that will lead to physical strength. And he adds, "Adler" that the lifestyle and came as a result of three sources: traits, personality, physical movements, and memories. And memories, especially childhood memories, play a big role in shaping the way of life. From jealous or skeptical individuals, they may have memories in their childhood that contain feelings of imperfection. In general, it can be said that an individual’s lifestyle can be identified through knowing the personal characteristics that distinguish him.

The experiences that an individual goes through outside his family (that is, within the social environment in which he lives) affect the development of his lifestyle as well. When children expand the circle of their social relationships outside the family, they face initial problems in their relationships with others, and they may use hesitation, regression and avoidance to distance themselves from these problems, and as a result, their feelings of imperfection increase, which in turn lead to the development of a lifestyle.

Adler believes that abnormal behavior differs from normal behavior only in degree. The behavior is normal, then it deviates, shouts neurotic and then develops into psychotic behavior Challenges in his life.

Life Styles

The term style or lifestyle emerged and consecrated as the tendencies and desire of a broad segment of society that go along with and follow what is found in the world of fashions and fashion, as well as the methods and arts of living and the subjective and objective capabilities they require.

However, this concept and perception of the pattern and context of life is no longer restricted to a particular group or segment, but rather has become a popular goal and aspiration in which all segments of society intersect.

The concept of lifestyle and the art of living has become a daily concern for the middle class, the upper classes and the upper class. As it is always eager to develop and improve its capabilities and financial and objective capabilities for a better life.

The development of our standard of living is a demand and aspiration of all members of society. However, access to it ranges from easy to complex, depending on the psychological, financial and intellectual readiness of the people who are proven to be successful and distinguished.

In order for us to achieve a balanced lifestyle that keeps pace with developments, we must harness rituals and daily habits as a mechanism and a mediator, through which we can define a style and a platform for an exemplary life, in which the mental aspect of management and thinking prevails, and the emotional and emotional side must be evoked as a support, support and motivation for perseverance and continuity.

In other words, we need to contemplate and contemplate the shape and way of our life, and the chances of developing and improving the possibilities of a good and comfortable life.

The aspiration for a better and more beautiful life can only be achieved by evoking experience, expertise, learning and contemplation of the joints and capabilities of the movement of living reality, self-construction and close connection with the values and ideals that motivate us and revive our energies and strengths, as well as our vision of the world and the environment, in addition to how to invest what we have learned from experiences and experiences, and also develop and improve Our way of life and enriching it so that it will not be disturbed and hesitant. All are factors and indispensable elements of a life full of optimism and positive thinking about a better and better tomorrow and life. The personal and self-determination, will and determination to raise challenges and learn from life and from failures and unmeasured adventures are elements and causes that we adopt as means to achieve our goals. The clear vision and the strong and coherent desire constitute the pillars that allow us to acquire a positive mindset, a healthy body, daily behavior imprinted with realism and distinction in creating a social act that enjoys the acceptance and approval of others.

The multiplicity and diversity of styles into several types related to the inventor or author of this style were as follows

Fromm tried, through the study and analysis of the personality, to provide a clear explanation of the historical growth of the individual affected by the processes. The light of the social personality, and I conclude that the main part of building the personality is related to the individual's membership in his civilization, and the Fromm section of life styles represented by attitudes into two categories.

Impact on Gender

The way of life is a general way of living based on the overlap between living conditions in the general sense and individual patterns of behavior as determined and determined by social and economic factors and personality traits. The range of behavioral patterns may be limited or broad according to environmental factors and according to the degree of individual dependence on the self. The individual lives in it produces behavioral patterns that may be beneficial to the individual in terms of health and education, and in developed countries there are special centers for studying life styles that are affiliated with the World Health Organization and focus on the individual’s behavior as a factor in determining the health status and habits that have a negative impact on health. The effect differs from men to women as a result of the woman’s social and family connections responsible for her, such as motherhood and others, and when she does not fulfill these responsibilities positively, she has permanent psychological anxiety, which results in emotional turmoil in the form of multiple fears. The working woman is under pressure from a state of tension and emotion in all areas, to assume full responsibility, especially if she has children, as she is dispersed between work and its problems, and between nurseries, home and their responsibilities. This is in addition to the economic conditions that affect women more than others, as they are responsible for securing the family’s necessities of food, clothing and other things, and this is what makes them suffer alienation, psychological pressure and practical exhaustion resulting from enduring more than their capacity and capabilities. Here, the emotion includes all the emotional states that are her character, when the emotion becomes chronic and the same circumstances and continuity, and the delusion of the occurrence of a family or professional problem.

The organism is in harmony with the environment in which it lives :) This is why we cannot envision the human mind as a kind of strategic group, but we can only conceive of it as a complex group of moving forces that emanate with this, from one cause, and strive to achieve one goal, and it is not possible to envision life. The psychological goal is directed towards the types of activity that exist in the psychological life

Research Community

The current research community for students of the College of Education / University of Karbala in Iraq for the academic year (2021-2020) determines the morning study of all stages, the number of which is (2000) male and female students distributed according to gender. The scientific population is 700 male and female students, while the number of students in the humanities specialization is (1300) male and female students.

The Research Sample

It is part of the study community from which the field data are collected, and it is considered part of the whole in the sense that a group of community members are taken, provided that they represent the research community.

The current research sample consisted of (100) male and female students distributed according to gender as (11) students, who make up (61) from the total community, while the number of female students reached (39) students, either specialization, so the number of students of scientific specialization reached (41) students. (141) of the total community, while the number of students in human specialization reached (60) male and female students.

Figure 1: Distribution of Students by Gender and Academic Specialization

A sample is defined as a smaller set of data that the researcher selects or selects from a larger group of the population using a predefined selection method. These items are known as sample points, sampling units, or notes. Sample composition is an effective way to conduct research. In most cases, it is impossible or costly and time consuming to research the entire population. Hence, examining the sample provides insights that the researcher can apply to the entire population.

The number of people the researcher contacts is directly related to the cost of the study. Sampling saves money by allowing researchers to collect the same answers from the sample they would get from the population.

Efficient sampling has a number of benefits for researchers. But it is equally important to know how to take the sample to know the location of the sample. Some research participants are better suited for project purposes than others. Finding suitable participants for the purpose of the project is critical, as it allows researchers to collect high-quality data.

In data collection, each individual observation has an equal likelihood of being selected in a sample. In random sampling there should be no pattern when the sample is drawn.

Table 1: Test to Measure Lifestyle

Table 2: Lifestyle by Gender

Table 3: Shows the Statistical Analysis of Karbala University Students in Terms of Lifestyle According to Specialization

The importance of discovering individual differences: No one person, no matter what he or she is, cannot dispense with other individuals, they cooperate in building a healthy human life for a social individual, the neglect of the differences between individuals has a bad effect on the individual himself or the society in which he lives, and this importance is manifested by what Follows:

The importance of upbringing and education: Taking care of individual differences is one of the foundations of mental health and sound education that is based on recognition of the individuality and the importance of revealing it, exploiting it properly and directing it to the maximum possible limits for the integrity and success of life. In professional and career preparation for life

The individual carries the willingness of a type of work without others, and life requires different types of work and competencies that complement each other to form a solidarity society. This requires uncovering those differences between individuals and preparing the conditions and factors that aid in its growth. The innate and acquired differences are enormous potentials for professional preparation and development in all businesses and a bank that puts the right individual in the appropriate work for him.

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3. Allen, T. “The lifestyle interview: Notes from the golden age and the rest of us for possibilities.” The Journal of Individual Psychology, vol. 59, no. 4, 2003, pp. 366-370.

4. Mitsutake, F. and Adams, S. “Behavioral lifestyle and mental health status.” American Journal of Health Promotion, 2011.

5. El Ansari, W. et al. “Health promoting behaviours and lifestyle characteristics of students at seven universities in the UK.” Central European Journal of Public Health, 2011.