In the modern world, social media are gaining more and more importance. They are a source of information, a platform for communication and influence on the processes taking place outside of social networks. The dependence of foreign and domestic political decisions on the activities of users of virtual platforms is increasing: Both key political actors and ordinary citizens, We can say that society is entering a milestone when a new level of politics - the so-called digital diplomacy-strengthens its position in the international arena. It involves the use of the potential of the Internet and information and communication technologies to solve political problems [1].

Currently, many discussions and statements are taking place there, in the virtual space. With technological progress, the majority of citizens satisfy the need for information thanks to the Internet, in particular - social networks and instant messengers. Many people form for themselves both a general news agenda and, in particular, a political one based on information received in groups, messengers and websites. New diplomacy helps political leaders to set priorities and monitor the dynamics of public opinion on certain issues in real time [2]. 

In general, social networks are a flexible and interactive platform with which you can express the point of view of an individual, a group or an entire state using virtual instruments: text, appeals to well-known plots and symbols, multimedia applications, and so on. Most importantly, in view of the increased role of social platforms in life, in the political arena, they can be used to exert pressure 4 and declare their interests to other states. Thus, digital diplomacy rightfully occupies its own niche in solving foreign policy and international issues, For an in-depth analysis, we have chosen the social network Twitter and the phenomenon of twitter diplomacy that has arisen thanks to it. In its original form, it appeared in 2007, when Barack Obama, in two years he will become the President of the United States, opened a Twitter account. The phenomenon, which would later become known as tweet-plomacy, consolidated its position following the creation of accounts in 2010 by government leaders such as Dmitry Medvedev, Hugo Chavez and Rafael Correa.

In our research, by twitter diplomacy, we mean a tool for the expression of a politician's private interests, which demonstrate his aspirations, desires and intentions to implement certain plans [3].

A real breakthrough in Twitter diplomacy was made by the 45th President of the United States, Donald Trump, who was elected on November 8, 2016. When he took office, he refused to maintain an official account. Instead, he continued to write on his personal page.

But already on behalf of the President of the United States. Often, his publications caused a great resonance in the media, society and in political circles. 

The words of the American president, written on Twitter, changed the situation on the stock markets, facilitated the organization of unscheduled meetings with world leaders, showed the attitude of the US leadership towards other states and the readiness of the American leader for certain actions.

It should be noted that at this stage, Twitter diplomacy as a branch of digital diplomacy has been little studied by modern scientists and expert communities. In this connection, the topic of our research is relevant and important [4]. 

The work itself is literally done online-the study contains an up-to-date analysis of Donald Trump's Twitter account during his presidential term.

In our case, the Trump phenomenon on Twitter 45th President of the United States took office 4 years ago and resigned in January this year, 2021. We can say that this process (Trump's Twitter diplomacy as President of the United States) is complete. But, due to the time frame, there is simply not much research on this topic yet exists.

In our work, we, relying on the articles of modern authors and our analysis, we describe the characteristic features of Donald Trump's tweet-typing and the possibility of the influence of his publications on the world political process, taking into account the above factors.

We were guided by a systematic approach. Digital technologies in modern diplomacy, the global political process and social networks as a tool for conducting political activity have entered the field of study. We used the following, the development of a list of criteria for analyzing Donald Trump's tweets, content analysis of the microblog of the 45th President of the United States, preparation of statistics on Donald Trump's Twitter activity. We carried out the content analysis of tweets according to several indicators, It was important for us to determine the engagement of the account, that is, how successful the communication strategy is, how many users and how often they perform virtual actions (read, like, write comments, repost tweets)[5]. Since Trump is a unique president in terms of his expressions and manner of communication, we decided to calculate the proportion of emotionally colored words in his tweets, as well as to reveal the attitude towards the topic (negative/positive). It was interesting to correlate all of the above indicators with the thematic content of tweets to do this, we divided publications into domestic and foreign ones, and then studied more specifically using the category of object of focus. And, of course, the indicator of the presence of a reaction was important for us (whether Trump's tweets are distributed on other sites).

Twitter Diplomacy as a Tool of Political Communication and Influence on the Political Process

Became politicized, and the phenomenon called "twittering" became part of communication of political actors in the vastness of the global network Twitter is a new socio-communicative genre, with hybrid characteristics of social media, the characteristics of which are pronounced targeting, context, situational awareness, interactivity, brevity, hybridity, convergence Otherwise speaking, it is a way of communication on the Internet, which has become widespread thanks to the popular Twitter service. Accordingly, the political twittering implies political communication in the considered us a social network [6,7]. Microblogging is synonymous with twitter-platform users use this term to refer to their account management.

The fact is that at the beginning of its existence, Twitter made it possible users to write very short messages - no more than 140 characters (this was due to the fact that in a standard SMS message the limitation is just that)[8]. And only in September 2017, the creators doubled increased the number of characters 46. By the way, the innovation caused ambiguous reaction: "Old Believers" considered that the ability.

Tweeting in 140 characters has so far distinguished him from user of other social networks. However, the limitation (albeit 280 characters) remains limitation. And this is one of the key characteristics of tweeting.

It is understood that the author, in our case-a politician or official, communicates concise and clear information on Twitter, rather than writing an essay about certain problems [9,10]. 

The nice thing about tweeting is that it doesn't requires massive texts, media, emoticons and hashtags. He, on the contrary, puts restrictions. Being in politics “quickly and easily” is what makes tweeting special. And in view of the fact that statesmen are often love long and streamlined speeches, Twitter becomes a salvation for those who needs facts Monologue and focus on the They write about the fact that more than half of the publications on Twitter (about 78%) on Twitter-these are posts that do not contain a response to another user and do not contain citations, that is, they can be conventionally called informative. Besides, a study of more than 6 thousand tweets of American politicians showed that about 99% of publications are directed to the entire mass of subscribed users on this policy [11].

Framing the News Media in a Partisan Hybrid Media System

To explore Trump’s Twitter discourse, this study incorporates scholarship on framing, and frame sharing and resonance. According to Entman, framing raises the salience of certain parts of a perceived reality via “the presence or absence of certain keywords, stock phrases, stereotyped images, sources of information, and sentences that provide thematically reinforcing clusters of facts or judgments” (p. 52). For example, a politician can use an economic frame to discuss illegal immigration by claiming that immigrants are stealing citizens’ jobs or by targeting employers’ illegal hiring practices. This use of framing is called “frame in communication”. Politicians often use framing to their advantage. For example, George W. Bush and Richard Nixon both framed the state of the country by emphasizing political issues they had high approval ratings on [12].

The Notion of “Political Discourse” and its Place in the System of Concepts of Linguistic Research

Political language has an abstract conceptual term that is concerned with the most moral rather than philosophical senses, thus political language carries information in order to communicate with the recipient, and it deals with people's affairs and issues whether they are simple or complex such as war and peace issues [13]. 

Moreover, political language has a number of functions which are reflected in the speech itself. Political language disguises, transforms and deepens a particular phenomenon, and it is mainly used to convince receivers with the speaker's point of view by using techniques such as explanation and analysis.   Political speech may constitute a genre, a domain, or a field.  Moreover, it is an incredible achievement at a particular time and at a particular place [14].

It includes various scientific terms, the most important of which is linguistics in its branches: social, psychological, and other ancient disciplines such as philosophy, literature, and history. In addition to the methodological knowledge, the control, accuracy and sophistication it needs in analyzing, summarizing, and previous backgrounds. The main type of discourse analysis is a linguistic production and a basic knowledge in society.

The concept of political discourse is a system of ideas formed through accumulation of knowledge, stems from the extrapolation of reality with all its cultural, social and psychological components, and centered through ideological systems derived from political conceptions stemming from heritage or from modernity and which differ in their mechanisms and systems, according to the level of intellectual maturity.  It also stems from an awareness of community requirements and how they relate to the level of movement performance in the process of change, development and attendance [15].

Political discourse takes a more functional concept that delves into the specialization, delves into the rhetorical competence and the communication mechanisms for that political discourse which is: 

• Expressing thoughts on words

• An expression of a conversation between two or more parties

• A formal discussion of a topic

• Written treatment of a topic

• Dialogue or speech

In linguistics, it is a language extension that has a logical structure, and is greater than a single sentence or integral paragraph.

As political discourse is one of the forces that directly affects the minds of the masses and its effectiveness depends on the ability of political leaders to formulate the goals, decisions, intentions and directions of the state in an acceptable manner to the minds of people within effective sentences. Political discourse is presented as “the ability to communicate ideas, rules and strategies of the state to the state. The masses and that it is the first way to influence the masses [16].

If the general concept of the speech has concluded that its most important characteristic is that it is a composition of sentences which purpose is to understand and influence, and the recipient must discern the intent that it implies, then the political discourse in which the ruling authority’s speech is commonly used is the speech addressed intentionally to the recipient with the purpose of influencing and convincing him of the content of the political speech. This content includes political ideas, or the topic is political, as it is a text with complex features of moral suggestions, which have their dimensions and advantages that they provide over other speeches within the same language.  It is also directed speech that consists of a group of tangle sentences, in which two parties communicate in order to achieve an important purpose of communication, or a connected, coherent unit that forms a beginning and an end message [17].

Whatever political discourse differs from other discourses is not in terms of linguistic or stylistic structure, but in terms of the nature of its communicative language that seeks an experienced recipient to decode it, which means that political language, although it is communicative, depends on clarity and directness for understanding, persuasion, and an influence on the recipient. Except they need to contemplate the suggestive connotations of the political discourse and resort to ambiguity by using particular metaphors, which makes it in need of contemplation, understanding and interpretation. This is a pragmatic characteristic that political discourse resorts to in order to be more effective on the recipient. 

Linguistic research has many concepts that we can take from it:

Descriptive Concept

It is based on a description of the language or dialect at its various levels: in terms of their sounds, structures, and significance, or in some of these aspects in a certain historical period in a specific place. One of the foundations of the descriptive concept is that the description of any language must start from the spoken image to the written picture.

Historical Concept

It traces a linguistic phenomenon in a language until its most ancient times, from which we have documents and linguistic texts. That is, it is an examination of the linguistic development in a language over the centuries. It is possible here to distinguish the descriptive concept over the historical concept. The descriptive concept is considered for different stages that fall within the scope of the study, such as: determining the period, determining the time in a place, etc. As for the historical concept, it is considered one of the most important foundations of linguistic development [18].

Standard Concept

It is an approach concerned with the general rule, laying down the controls and laws that govern the linguistic use at its various levels, so that deviating from it is not permissible, or contrary to the more explicit. One of the most important rules and laws followed in the linguistic concept is that whoever violates it has entered the circle of error and whoever follows it or is considered right. As for the difference between the descriptive concept and the normative concept, it is considered as follows: the descriptive concept is the extrapolation of the linguistic material, and then comes the deduction of the rules and the linguistic concept in which the linguistic material is the basis. The standard concept differs in a way that the rule is the basis, the rule is taken and the linguistic material is subject to it. Anything that violates the rule is considered a mistake.

Comparative Concept

The comparative curriculum is based on a comparison between two or more languages ​​on the condition that the two languages, or those languages, belong to one linguistic family, in order to know the similarities and differences between these languages. Human languages are divided ​​into language families as follows:

• The Family of Chinese Languages: They are the languages ​​that are spread in East and Southeast Asia, such as Chinese, Japanese, Korean and Thai

• The Family of Indo-European Languages:  the people speaking these languages ​​embrace the territory from Central Asia to the Western coasts of Europe, including: English, Hindi, German, French and Spanish

• The Semitic Family of Languages: These are the languages ​​spoken by the peoples of the Arabian Peninsula and the North Africa, including: Arabic, Hebrew, Abyssinian, and Syriac

• The Ural Family of Languages: Among its languages are Turkmen, Turkish, Mongolian, Uzbek, Tatar and others

• The African Family of Languages: these are the languages ​​of the African peoples, such as the Hondo and Niger languages

• Australian languages: these are the languages ​​of a number of Malay people, such as Indonesian

• The Caucasian Family of Languages: The Georgian and Jurassic languages

The Contrasting Concept

They compare two languages, whether the two languages are from the same family or from two different families. So a contrast study can be made between Arabic and English, two different families or between Arabic and Hebrew, one family [20].

It was created for educational goals in the field of language teaching. There are difficulties encountered by those who learn a second language in addition to their native language, and these difficulties result from the difference between the mother tongue system and the second language system.

Performance is one of the most important metrics in our study. Tweeting: an effective tool or a waste of time? In our opinion, the effectiveness of this method of conducting politics is not questionable, especially in the case of Donald Trump. However, this statement is not an axiom and requires proof. Twitter diplomacy is a truly phenomenal tool for the expression of private interests by a politician, which demonstrate his aspirations, desires and intentions to implement certain plans. Tweeting became such because many politicians and leaders of states at one time gave preference to Twitter (we suppose, due to the user-friendliness and advantages of this social network). 

In general, any social network could and can become a platform for public statements, waging Internet wars with competitors, positioning oneself as a progressive leader and realizing other interests, Speaking about the effectiveness of using Twitter to inform political decisions, its use as a means of communication and influence in politics, it is important to understand whether the author, using the power of the personal, managed to influence the political. Personal - because in tweets, a person is, first of all, a person, and then only who he is in his profession, or on the basis of his financial situation.

It is easy to confirm this judgment. Official White House Twitter is the work of one or more people. Personal Twitter for Trump is a desire. He could not have done this and would have remained the President of the United States.

The effectiveness for Trump lies, at a minimum, in the fact that he shapes the public view of the agenda. Let us explain: different media can report any news in different ways (each writes as the one who pays dictates to him).

By posting a tweet to his account, Trump sets the trend. 68 He says how the news should sound in his best interest. It can influence how it is understood and how it is interpreted. The target audience includes both ordinary readers and journalists, support and opposition politicians, and international colleagues.

Within the framework of the study, it is important for us to single out the criteria by which we could fix the dynamics. For example, we will not be able to fully record such a criterion as the satisfaction of the author of publications with the work done. However, after examining several interviews in which the US president touches on the attitude towards Twitter, certain conclusions can be drawn. Trump says that Twitter "... allows you to convey your point of view fight fake news.

A politician keeps an account consciously, perceives it not as a formal tool, but on the contrary, makes his page a place of self-expression, one of the first channels for broadcasting information. In the process of a detailed study of the account and individual publications, we pay attention to other confirmations that the account is filled with life, and is not under a stick.

These are both the frequency of publications and linguistic characteristics, moods, intentions.

In American politics, it is not surprising to find politicians and the media at odds with one another. However, Trump seemed to escalate this hostile relationship when he positioned the news media as "the enemy of the American people." Kernell, stated that “the hostile aspect of presidential and press relations is an elusive trait, and difficult to quantify.” With content that analyzes how Trump frames the media. 

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