Colon cancer, a formidable adversary in the realm of oncology, continues to emerge as a global public health crisis with profound implications. This malignancy, characterized by the uncontrolled growth of malignant cells in the colon or rectum, presents a significant health challenge that demands urgent attention. In the Indian context, the incidence of colon cancer is on an alarming rise, warranting immediate and multifaceted intervention strategies [1-4].

The pervasive influence of colon cancer transcends geographical boundaries, affecting communities worldwide with relentless determination. Amidst the scenic landscapes of Himachal Pradesh, nestled in Northern India, lies District Mandi. Renowned for its natural beauty, rich cultural heritage and harmonious way of life, this region is not immune to the pervasive threat of colon cancer. As this silent intruder stealthily encroaches upon the lives of its residents, it becomes paramount to assess the current state of awareness and knowledge regarding colon cancer within this community.

This study embarks on a quest to enlighten, seeking to illuminate the landscape of colon cancer awareness and knowledge among the diverse populace of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. Our overarching objective is to foster a comprehensive understanding of this complex disease and to pave the way for early intervention strategies that can mitigate the devastating impact of colon cancer.

Through this comprehensive exploration, we aspire to catalyze a collective effort that transcends the boundaries of ignorance and complacency. We strive for a future where colon cancer is met with the vigilance it deserves and where the residents of District Mandi can proactively protect their colorectal health. By advancing awareness and knowledge, we hope to contribute meaningfully to the global battle against colon cancer, inspiring similar endeavors in communities worldwide.

Aims and Objective

The objective of this study is to assess the awareness and knowledge levels concerning Colon cancer among the general population residing in District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.

Research Approach

This study employs a descriptive research approach to comprehensively evaluate knowledge levels related to Colon cancer among the general population of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh.

Research Design

The research design employed for this study is a cross-sectional survey, enabling the collection of data at a specific point in time, thereby allowing for an accurate assessment of Colon cancer knowledge among the participants.

Study Area

The study was conducted exclusively within District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, to ensure that the findings are representative of this specific geographical region.

Study Duration

Data collection for this study took place over a period extending from May 2023 to July 2023.

Study Population

The study population comprises all adults aged 18 and above, who have been residents of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh, for a minimum of 12 months.

Sample Size Determination

The sample size was calculated to be 400 adults, with an assumption that 50% of participants possess adequate knowledge about Colon cancer. The estimation considered a 5% absolute error, a 95% confidence level and a 5% non-response rate.

Study Tool

A meticulously structured questionnaire in the form of a Google Form was developed to gather data, encompassing socio-demographic characteristics and knowledge regarding Colon cancer. Pre-testing was conducted among a small group of individuals to ensure the questionnaire's clarity and comprehensibility.

Description of Tool

The questionnaire was divided into two distinct sections:

Demographic Data Survey Instrument

This section captured background information, including age, gender, marital status, religion, employment and education.

Questionnaire

This section consisted of 20 structured questions aimed at assessing knowledge levels regarding Colon cancer. Correct answers were assigned one mark, while incorrect responses received zero marks. Knowledge levels were categorized as follows:

• 80% (16-20) - very good

• 60-79% (12-15) – good

• 41-59% (8-11) – fair

• <40% (<8) - poor

Validity of Tool

To ensure accuracy and appropriateness, experts in the field validated the questionnaire.

Data Collection

Data collection was supervised by designated supervisors. The Google Form questionnaire was disseminated through various online channels, including email and popular social media platforms such as WhatsApp groups, Facebook, Instagram and LinkedIn. Data collection was conducted in both rural and urban areas of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh and continued until 400 valid responses were obtained.

Data Analysis

The collected data were meticulously entered into a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and subjected to thorough error checks. Data analysis was conducted using Epi Info V7 software, utilizing appropriate statistical tests such as frequencies and percentages.

Ethical Considerations

The study strictly adhered to ethical guidelines, ensuring the confidentiality and anonymity of participants to safeguard their privacy and protect their personal information throughout the research process.

The goal of the current study was to assess general public knowledge regarding Colon Cancer through a non-experimental descriptive survey. 

Table 1: Knowledge Regarding Colon Cancer among Study Participants

Table 1: Continue

Table 2: Knowledge Scores towards Colon Cancer among Study Participants

A total of 400 respondents took part in the study, with 131 (32.75%) coming from urban areas and 269 (67.25%) from rural areas (Table 1).

In the present study 21.5% (86) participants had very good knowledge (16-20 marks) towards Colon Cancer, 33.5% (134) had good knowledge (12-15 marks), 31.75% (127) had fair knowledge (8-11 marks) and 13.25% (53) having poor knowledge (<8 marks) (Table 2).

The findings of this study provide valuable insights into the awareness and knowledge levels concerning colon cancer among the residents of District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. Colon cancer, a growing global health concern, necessitates a thorough understanding within this community to enable effective preventive measures and early detection.

Comparing the results of this study with similar investigations conducted in diverse regions of India reveals variations in the level of awareness and knowledge. These differences may be influenced by factors such as geographical location, access to healthcare and cultural beliefs.

A study conducted in urban Chennai reported a higher level of awareness about colon cancer, with 45% of participants demonstrating good knowledge, compared to our findings where 33.5% exhibited good knowledge. This variance can be attributed to the urban setting and better access to healthcare services, including awareness campaigns and screenings [5].

Conversely, in rural areas of Rajasthan, a study found that only 15% of participants had good knowledge about colon cancer [6]. This aligns more closely with our results, as 67.25% of our respondents came from rural areas. Rural populations often face barriers to accessing healthcare and health education, contributing to lower awareness levels.

Furthermore, cultural beliefs and attitudes towards cancer can influence knowledge disparities. A study in West Bengal noted that misconceptions about cancer and its causes were prevalent among participants, highlighting the need for culturally sensitive awareness programs [7].

To bridge knowledge gaps and enhance colon cancer awareness in District Mandi, tailored strategies must be implemented:

• Customized Educational Initiatives: Develop community-based programs that address the specific needs of both urban and rural populations. These initiatives should focus on dispelling myths, emphasizing the significance of early detection and promoting lifestyle modifications

• Digital and Social Media Campaigns: Utilize digital platforms and social media to disseminate accurate information. Collaborate with healthcare professionals to engage in online outreach, ensuring that educational content reaches a wider audience

• Collaboration with Healthcare Providers:Forge partnerships with local healthcare facilities and cancer-focused organizations to facilitate coordinated efforts in awareness-raising and support provision

• Promotion of Awareness Months: Actively promote awareness months and related campaigns. Emphasize their role in educating the public about colon cancer and encourage participation

• Targeted Interventions: Address specific knowledge gaps identified in this study, such as risk factors, genetic influences and misconceptions about colon cancer. Tailor interventions to cater to these areas

In conclusion, this study underscores the imperative need to bolster awareness and knowledge regarding colon cancer in District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh. While a significant proportion of the population exhibits good to very good knowledge, there remains an opportunity to enhance understanding among those with lower awareness. By addressing these knowledge gaps and considering regional and cultural factors, the community can contribute significantly to the prevention and early detection of colon cancer, ultimately reducing its burden on public health.

1. American Cancer Society. “Colorectal cancer.” American Cancer Society, 2021, www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer.html. Accessed July 2023.

2. Ferlay, J. et al. “Cancer incidence and mortality patterns in europe: estimates for 40 countries and 25 major cancers in 2018.” European Journal of Cancer, vol. 103, 2019, pp. 356–387.

3. World Cancer Research Fund International. “Colorectal cancer statistics.” World Cancer Research Fund International, 2017, www.wcrf.org/dietandcancer/cancer-trends/colorectal-cancer-statistics. Accessed July 2023.

4. World Health Organization. “Cancer.” World Health Organization, 2021, www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cancer. Accessed July 2023.

5. Singh, D. et al. “Awareness about colorectal cancer among common people: A study in the state of Tamil Nadu.” Journal of Cancer Policy, vol. 24, 2020, article 100227.

6. Kaur, J. and R. Kaur. “Assessment of knowledge regarding risk factors and warning signs of colorectal cancer among adults in rural area of Punjab.” International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, vol. 5, no. 3, 2018, pp. 1176–1179.

7. Dasgupta, P. et al. “Awareness of cancer and its risk factors in west Bengal, India: A hospital-based study.” Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention, vol. 14, no. 8, 2013, pp. 4373–4378.