srjmsSRJMSSRJMS2788-9483https://doi.org/10.47310/srjms.2022.v02i02.006Review, Chronic Hepatitis B virus: Clinical and Epidemiological CharacteristicsRawaaNajimAlkhamessiSaifAli MohammedHusseinMohammedAbduljabbarAhmedDespite the availability of a preventative vaccination for hepatitis B virus (HBV) for more than 20 years, HBV infection continues to be a major worldwide health burden 50 years after the virus was first discovered. Cirrhosis, hepatic decompensation and hepatocellular cancer (HCC) are all possible outcomes of the chronic HBV infection that affects more than 240 million individuals worldwide. Clinical consequences are more prevalent in older males with hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)-positive illness, high-grade liver necroinflammation and progressing fibrosis.Recent improvements in our knowledge of the natural history of chronic HBV infection have displayed that plasma HBV DNA levels play an essential role as a risk predictor for clinical outcomes. In adults, a higher risk of developing cirrhosis and HCC is shown when high-level HBV replication is allowed to exist for an extended period of time. Accordingly, the goal of treatment has shifted to one of long-term suppression of the virus. Hepatitis B surface antigen levels, also called HBsAg, are becoming an increasingly important sign of natural history. Low levels of HBsAg have been linked to better control of the immune system, HBsAg seroclearance and a lower risk of getting HCC.This research examines the natural course of HBV infection, focusing on clinical outcome factors in CHB patients.