srjalsSRJALSSRJALS2788-9386https://doi.org/10.47310/srjals.2026.v06i01.003The Impact of Medicinal Plant Extracts on Entamoeba histolytica Parasite in Rats: A Study on Hematological and Biochemical ParametersHaneenMohanadMaherLubnaArkanYounisNoorRassamkamilDepartment of Biology Science, College of Science, Tikrit University, IraqBackground: Entamoeba histolytica poses a global health threat, especially in regions of the world where sanitation is deficient, due to its potential to cause amoebiasis. It leads to gastrointestinal diseases, including dysentery, colitis and liver abscesses, with about 50 million cases and 100,000 deaths annually. Medicinal plants containing a variety of bioactive compounds have shown significant potential as therapeutic intervention for parasitic infections and these remedies are also reported to be associated with less side effects, lower supplementary cost compared to the synthetic drugs. Natural herbs including Azadirachta indica (neem), Allium sativum (garlic), and Curcuma longa (turmeric) showed antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activity which are potential alternatives to synthetic drugs. Objectives: The present study was aimed at exploring the effects of extracts from neem, garlic and turmeric on E. histolytica infection in rats This involved analyzing alterations in hematological (blood-related) and biochemical markers to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of these plant extracts against the infection. Methods: The following experimental design was used which consisted of three groups of Wistar rats: Control group – Healthy and no infection or treatment. Infected group – E. histolytica infected rats without treatment. Treatment group – Infected rats treated with medicinal plant extracts The plant parts, that is leaves of neem, bulbs of garlic and rhizomes of turmeric were dried and grounded followed by extraction with ethanol. The treatment group was administered orally extracts for 14 days post 24 h of the infection of E. histolytica). Whole blood was collected at baseline and on days 7 and 14, for hematological and biochemical analysis. The study evaluated red and white blood cell counts, hemoglobin, hematocrit levels, liver enzymes, kidney function indicators and electrolyte balance. Results: The infected rats presented with a lower in red blood cell be counted, hemoglobin and hematocrit showed anemia, the remedy group confirmed partial recovery of those values. White blood cell counts had been elevated in tainted rats due to the resistance response, number those levels went down inside the treatment relationship, demonstrating diminished aggravation. Liver enzymes (ALT and AST) had higher significantly in infected rats showing liver injury. The treatment group had a significant decrease of these enzymes, indicating a hepatoprotective effect. In infected rats, markers of kidney characteristics (creatinine and urea) have been multiplied showing a state of renal dysfunction. Plant extracts improved those markers, suggesting the safety of the kidneys. In the remedy organization, some electrolyte imbalances (lower sodium in blood and potassium, altered chloride) notwithstanding yet found in enraged rats have been righted. The sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic check for detecting E. Histolytica contamination had been extreme in each infected and treatment teams demonstrating that plant extracts did not intrude considerably with the accuracy of the diagnostics. Conclusion: The study demonstrated that medicinal extracts of Neem, Garlic and Turmeric can have very significant therapeutic effects on E. Histolytica infected rats (p<0.0001). The amelioration of hematological and biochemical parameters demonstrated the pharmacological potential of these plants to treat amoebiasis as alternative medicine. These therapeutic effects were attributed to the anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial and antioxidants properties of the composite plant. These findings were remarkable and should be studied further to optimize the application of these plants in pharmaceutical formulations for amoebiasis treatment, especially in areas where access to conventional drugs is limited.