iarjetIARJETIARJET2708-5163https://doi.org/10.47310/iarjet.2025.v06i01.005Enhancing Photovoltaic Efficiency of Porous Silicon Solar Cells with Copper Oxide Nanoparticle Anti-Reflective CoatingsManalJ. KhalifaAbdullaAhmed KhalafPhysics Department, Collage of Science, Wasit University, Wasit, IraqInnovation in photovoltaic technology is driven by the search for sustainable and effective energy production. In this study, we investigate how Anti-Reflective Coatings (ARCs) made of copper oxide nanoparticles (CuO NPs) might be integrated into Porous Silicon (PS) solar cells to increase photovoltaic efficiency. The main goal is to reduce incident sunlight loss from reflection, which will increase light absorption and energy conversion. Colloidal nanoparticles, or CuO NPs, were synthesized via the electrolysis process and coated onto glass substrates and p-type PS to create films through the use of the spin coating method. The Electrochemical Etching process (ECE) is used to prepare PS. X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and an Atomic Force Microscope (AFM) have been used to study the structural and morphological properties of copper oxide nanostructures (CuO NSs) that have been deposited on glass substrates, respectively. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) was investigated for CuO NSs. The optical properties of CuO NPs are studied. The photovoltaic characteristics of CuO NSs/PS/Si/Al solar cells were reporte and the efficiency of solar cells was calculated before and after the ARCs were added. The efficiency of PS/Si/Al solar cells is increasing from 0.268 to 2.97% after depositing CuO NPs.