srjcmsSRJCMSSRJCMS2788-885110.47310/srjcms.2025.v05i01.003Serum Adiponectin as a Biomarker for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Correlative Study with Glycemic Control, Lipid Profile, and Metabolic ParametersShwetaShekharRajinderYadavJunior Resident,Department of Biochemistry ,Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College ,Tanda At Kangra, Himachal Pradesh.Professor and Head, Department of Biochemistry ,Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College ,Tanda At Kangra, Himachal PradeshBackground: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) is a global health challenge characterized by insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction, and chronic hyperglycemia. Adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays a key role in insulin sensitivity and metabolic regulation. Lower serum adiponectin levels are associated with T2DM, dyslipidemia, and inflammation, but its clinical utility as a biomarker remains underexplored. This study investigates the association between serum adiponectin levels and metabolic parameters in T2DM.Materials and Methods: This observational case-control study included 50 T2DM patients and 50 healthy controls at Dr. Rajendra Prasad Government Medical College, India. Serum adiponectin (ELISA), fasting blood sugar (GOD-POD method), HbA1c (NycoCard), lipid profile, renal, and liver function tests were analyzed using XL-640 autoanalyzer. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS v25.0, with t-tests and Pearson’s correlation for comparisons.Results: Serum adiponectin levels were significantly lower in T2DM patients (7.1 ± 6.1 µg/ml) compared to controls (21.4 ± 11.7 µg/ml, p < 0.0001). A significant negative correlation was observed between adiponectin and HbA1c (r = −0.381, p = 0.006), fasting blood glucose (r = −0.259, p = 0.069), and total cholesterol (r = −0.167, p = 0.246) in diabetics. Adiponectin levels also showed a weak negative correlation with age (r = −0.139, p = 0.335), indicating a possible decline in adiponectin with aging. Significant elevations were observed in FBS (183.8 ± 57.5 mg/dl in cases vs. 86.6 ± 7.9 mg/dl in controls, p < 0.0001) and HbA1c (8.9 ± 1.7% in cases vs. 4.9 ± 0.3% in controls, p < 0.0001), reflecting poor glycemic control in diabetics. Among lipid markers, total cholesterol (p = 0.028) and ALP (p < 0.0001) were significantly higher in diabetics, whereas triglycerides and HDL differences were not statistically significant (p = 0.181 and p = 0.124, respectively).Conclusion: Low adiponectin levels in T2DM suggest its role in insulin resistance and metabolic dysfunction. Its negative correlation with HbA1c highlights its potential as an early biomarker for diabetes monitoring. Given its anti-inflammatory and metabolic benefits, adiponectin may serve as a therapeutic target for diabetes management.