srjmsSRJMSSRJMS2788-948310.47310/srjms.2024.v04.i02.014Role Of Hepatitis B X Antigen in Pathogenicity of HBV In Chronic Infection Among Hemodialsys PatientsSanaryaKamalTawfiqMuhannadAbdullahAl-AzzawyStaarMohammedQaderMedical Microbiology, College of Medical Technology, AL-Kitab University, Kirkuk, IraqBackground: Patients who have renal illnesses, and notably those who have end-stage renal failure, are candidates for hemodialysis (HD), which is an alternative method for blood purification (ESRD). Because the majority of guidelines mention that suppressing HBV replication is one of the primary therapeutic targets, monitoring the patient's viral load throughout treatment is critically crucial. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess the association of the role hepatitis B x antigen  in pathogenicity of HBV in chronic infection among hemodialsys patients Materials and methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in Kirkuk city from 10th  of February  to 10th of December 2022 .The number of patients under the study were 600  patients with chronic renal disease under hemodialysis. Their ages were between 20-75 years old who were admitted to Kirkuk general hospital for hemodialysis The study included 30 healthy control individuals. Blood  samples were from each patient in this study for determination of  hepatitis B  specific HBx antigen by  tests using ELISA technique.  Result: The study showed that 8.33% (50 of 600) of HD patients  were have Positive PCR results for hepatitis B virus as compared with only 3.33% of the control group. The study showed the highest rate of  HBV infection among HD patients were in age ≥40 years and most of them were males.  The study showed that the   rate of HBV infection was increased with increasing of dialysis duration.. The study showed that most of patients with cirrhosis and grade 3 of fibrosis where with positive HBX antigen.  The study found a high prevalence of viral hepatitis B among hemodialysis patients, particularly elderly, male, and those with long underdialysis periods.  Conclusion: Most HBV patients were positive for HBX antigen. Recommendations include vaccination, isolation, universal precautions, and using HbX as a non-invasive biomarker to monitor liver progression from fibrosis to cirrhosis.