iarjmsIARJMSIARJMS2708-3594https://doi.org/10.47310/srjms.2024.v0i502.001Complications in Thyroid Surgery: Incidence, Risk Factors, and Management StrategiesGhada AbedQasimTalaafar hospital, Mosul, IraqThis study involved 66 patients with thyroid diseases treated at the Surgical Unit at the Republican Hospital in Mosul during two periods: from October 1, 2020, to October 1, 2021 and from October 2022 to March 2023. Comprehensive preoperative evaluations included clinical examinations, biochemical tests and radioactive iodine scans. The cohort comprised 59 females 89.4% and 7 males 10.6%, with an average age of 34.3 and 35.2 years, respectively. Patients suffers from thyrotoxicosis received preoperative medical treatment with Carbimazole, Propranolol and Lugol's Iodine.All surgeries were performed under general anesthesia, with using of specific techniques witch employed in order to avoid damage in the recurrent laryngeal nerve and parathyroid glands. Surgical procedures included subtotal thyroidectomy and hemithyroidectomy, with meticulous attention to preserv vital structures and ensuring hemostasis.Postoperative complications included recurrent laryngeal nerve injury with percentage 3.0%, hematoma 4.5% and hypoparathyroidism 9.0%.Treatment for these complications ncluding re-exploration for hematoma and management of hypoparathyroidism through calcium deprivation testing was provided as needed. No cases of postoperative hypothyroidism were reported in this study due to lifelong thyroxine supplementation for all patients. This study emphasizes the importance of careful surgical technique and thorough preoperative and postoperative management in minimizing complications and improving outcomes for patients undergoing thyroidectomy.