iarjmsIARJMSIARJMS2708-3594https://doi.org/ 10.47310/iarjms.2022.v03i02.010Dark-field, Phase-contrast and Fluorescence Microscopy: Principles, Applications, Advantages & LimitationsAssemSirkeckVineetBhardwajKamalKantKaliaMD Pulmonary Medicine, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaMD Physiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaMD Microbiology, Indira Gandhi Medical College, Shimla, Himachal Pradesh, IndiaDark-field microscopy (also called dark-ground microscopy) describes microscopy methods, in both light and electron microscopy, which exclude the unscattered beam from the image. As a result, the field around the specimen (i.e., where there is no specimen to scatter the beam) is generally dark. Phase-contrast microscopy is an optical microscopy technique that converts phase shifts in light passing through a transparent specimen to brightness changes in the image. Phase shifts themselves are invisible, but become visible when shown as brightness variations. A fluorescence microscope is an optical microscope that uses fluorescence instead of, or in addition to, scattering, reflection, and attenuation or absorption, to study the properties of organic or inorganic substances. "Fluorescence microscope" refers to any microscope that uses fluorescence to generate an image, whether it is a simple set up like an epifluorescence microscope or a more complicated design such as a confocal microscope, which uses optical sectioning to get better resolution of the fluorescence image. In this review, we explained the Principles, Applications, Advantages & Limitations of Dark-field microscopy, Phase-contrast microscopy fluorescence microscopy in detail.