iarjmsIARJMSIARJMS2708-359410.47310/iarjms.2021.v02i02.022Microbiological Analysis and Antibiotic Sensitivity Pattern of Urinary Tract Infection in Children, A Retrospective StudyGopimohanShiyasKPJumalyGeorgeAssociate Professor, Department of paediatrics, Travancore Medical College, Kerala, IndiaMD, Associate Professor, Department of paediatrics, Al Azhar Medical College, Thodupuzha, Kerala, IndiaAssistant professor, Department of paediatrics, Travancore Medical College, Kerala, IndiaChildren are prone to urinary tract infections especially those under the age of 2 years. Urinary tract infections pose a great threat if there is any delay in diagnosis and treatment, leading on to various complications including renal scarring, hypertension, impaired renal function and even end-stage renal disease. Hence it is necessary to identify the organisms responsible and the antibiotics useful in treatment of these conditions. The study population included infants and children less than 14 years of age with symptoms of UTI and who have undergone urine culture and sensitivity. All identified isolates were tested for susceptibility against various antibiotics using Kirby Bauer disc diffusion technique on Mueller-Hinton agar. All study variables were analysed using descriptive statistical methods like frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and mean with standard deviation for continuous variables. Most of the children belonged to <=1 year age group. Majority of the cultures showed positivity for E. coli (63%), followed by Klebsiella (19%) and enterococcus species (7%). Cephalosporins showed higher resistance (61.5 – 87.2%) against E. coli. Piperacillin – Tazobactam (7.7%), Amikacin (10.3%) and Nitrofurantoin (12.8%) had least resistance to E coli. Enterococcus species showed resistance to majority of the antibiotics. The extensive use of antibiotics in urinary tract infections without the help of culture and sensitivity reports has resulted in emergence of resistance to commonly used antibiotics. One should take utmost care in prescribing antibiotics, especially in cases of UTI or else we will be forced to use injectable antibiotics for treating even uncomplicated UTI.