iarjaccIARJACCIARJACC2709-1880https://doi.org/0.47310/iarjacc,2021.v02i01.09Anesthesia: Insights into Types, Risks, Side Effects, Medications, Perioperative Care, Anesthetic Preparation, and Check-upMarwanT. M.AbofilaAzabElsayedAzabAmalM. A. AlShebaniAsma N.BshenaDepartment of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabratha University, Libya.Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Sabratha University, Libya.Department of Histology, Faculty of Medicine, Zawia University, LibyaBackground: Modern anesthesia is very safe and can be tailored to your individual needs and to suit type of surgery the individual having. Anesthesia is the use of medicine to keep you safe, comfortable and to stop you from feeling pain during surgical procedure either for therapy or diagnosis. Objectives: The present review highlights the roles of anesthesiologist, types, risks, side effects, and medications of anesthesia, perioperative care, anesthetic preparation, and anesthetic check-up. Anesthesiologists are doctors who have had specialist training in anesthesia and also in the treatment of pain, intensive care and emergency care. The main roles of the anesthesiologists are to avoid happen anesthesia risks, side effects and complications, and planning in advance to overcome any of previous mentioned consideration. There are several different types of anesthesia, which include general, regional, and local anesthesia. General anesthesia is suppressing the activity of the central nervous system and leads to loss of consciousness and total absence of sensation. Regional anesthesia is used for certain procedures of the chest, abdomen, pelvis, arms or legs. Local anesthesia only affects the nerves in the surgical area and not your brain, you may be awake during the procedure. Regional and local anesthetic agents prevent the transmission of nerve impulses without causing unconsciousness. Some of the risks of undergoing anesthesia are allergic reaction to the medicine, aspiration pneumonia, infection, bleeding, heart attack, stroke, nerve damage, hyperthermia, visual disturbances or loss of sight, cognitive dysfunction, and the worst Scenario among risks is death. Common side effects of anesthesia include headache, sleepiness, nausea, vomiting, thirst, and shivering can occur to a greateror lesser degree with all types of anesthesia. The more common side effects associated with the different types of anesthesia are muscle weakness, numbness, tingling, nausea, backache or headache. General anesthetics medications can be classified according to the ways of given into inhaled anesthetics agents and intravenous anesthetics agents. The perioperative care period begins when the patient is informed of the necessity for surgery and continued with surgical procedure and recovery, which end when the patient resumes his/her usual activities. The goal of perioperative care is to assist patient and their family in making decision and to meet and support the needs of patient undergoing surgical or other invasive procedure and achieve a level of wellness greater than the level prior to surgery. The anesthetic preparation involves procedures which are implemented based on the nature of the expected operation, anesthesia as well as the findings of the diagnostic workup and the pre anesthetic checkup. The patient who takes more than one or two medications, he/she must bring the list of medication with him/her, including any herbal or "natural" medications. The main goal for anesthetic preparation is to prepare patient physiologically, psychologically socially as well as planning of perioperative care through minimize, the predisposing factors and causes of perioperative morbidity and mortality. Pre-anesthesia checkup is a medical checkup, physical examination and laboratory investigations done by the anesthesiologist before an operation, to assess the patient's physical condition and any other medical problems or diseases. The aim of the assessment is to identify factors that significantly increase the risk of complications, and modify the procedure appropriately. Conclusion: It can be concluded that there are several different types of anesthesia. The risks of undergoing anesthesia are allergic reaction to the medicine, aspiration pneumonia, infection, bleeding, heart attack, stroke, nerve damage, hyperthermia, visual disturbances or loss of sight, cognitive dysfunction, and the worst Scenario among risks is death. Common side effects of anesthesia include headache, sleepiness, nausea, vomiting, thirst, and shivering. The main goal for anesthetic preparation is to prepare patient physiologically, psychologically and socially. Briefly, the most excellent anesthetic check-up leads to prepare the best perioperative care and the finest anesthetic preparation as result avoid or minimize risks, side effects, and complications of Anesthesia.