srjalsSRJALSSRJALS2788-9386https://doi.org/10.47310/srjals.2023.v03i02.018The use of dual spectrum reflectivity (NDSI, SI) in diagnosing the distribution of some types of salts in the founding organelle in the sura and wasit contacts.SaadiaM.SalehBackground: The study was conducted in three regions of southern and northern Iraq. The first region is in Basra Governorate, represented by three Al-Asmadah sites, Al-Seeba and Um Al-Rasas, located within the geographical coordinates that are between the longitudes 47.59 and 48.15 degrees east, with two latitudes 30.25 and 30.20 degrees. To the north, the second area is in Wasit Governorate, with three locations: North Gharaf, East Al-Gharaf and Al-Janabi They are located within the geographical coordinates that are between longitudes 45.57 and 46.9 degrees east, with latitudes 30.15 and 32.10 degrees north. The study was conducted in three stages, starting with the office work stage, represented by reviewing previous studies, maps and data available on the selected areas and determining the best representative of the soil of the study area. Fieldwork was then carried out by conducting field tours to identify the depth that represents the nature of the variations in the characteristics of the soil depth Laboratory work included bringing soil samples and preparing them by performing drying, grinding and sieving operations to study soil characteristics The purpose of using the characteristics of the electromagnetic spectrum is to diagnose the presence of gypsum and lime and their movement within the soil sector and to determine the spectral fingerprints of the soil for both Basra Governorate and Wasit Governorate. Six sites were chosen at three depths for each site: 30-60, 15-30,0-15 cm. The sites chosen for Basra Governorate were Al-Seeba, Um Al-Rasas and Al. Asmedah. While the locations of Kut/Wasit District were north of Al-GHARAF east of Al- GHARAF and Al-Janaba site. The spectral reflectivity of these soils was measured using a spectroradiometer. The results showed that the soils of the study area were rich in calcium carbonate (lime), especially the studied soils of Basra Governorate compared to the soils of Wasit Governorate, as they ranged between 570-550 gm kg⁻1, in addition to the loss and gain processes, which are the most effective in determining the size distribution of soil particles, especially the silt of the soils of Wasit Governorate, in addition to Limited weathering processes, as well as calcification and decalcification processes and there is variation between the textures of soil materials in the study area. It ranged from fine to medium-textured soil and little variation was observed in the types of textures in the vertical direction within the soil sector. This reflects the influence of geomorphological processes, especially the erosion and sedimentation processes prevailing in the study areas. The results showed variations in the spectral reflectivity values of the study sites, as well as differences in the different spectral bands and ratios in one site. The study showed that the highest rate of soil Salinity Index (SI) was with a highly significant positive correlation of 0.955**, followed by 0.940** as for Wasit Governorate, for Basra Governorate, there is no positive correlation with the salt index.